Vervangende taakstraf bij het niet betalen van een geldboete: Pre-evaluatie

This preliminary study had to address a number of key questions: What is the expected effect on the individual concerned and on society as a whole of introducing into the legislation the option of imposing a substitute community service order on an offender who fails to pay a fine issued under criminal law? What positive and negative consequences can be expected, and what are the grounds for these expectations? These questions have been studied by consulting relevant literature and documents, including parliamentary documents, analysing Central Judicial Collection Agency (CJIB) data and conducting 23 interviews with key individuals and experts within criminal law for youth and adult offenders.Criminal Justice: Legitimacy, accountability, and effectivit

Sex ratio biases in termites provide evidence for kin selection

Contains fulltext : 142755.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)Molecular testing of tumor samples to guide treatment decisions is of increasing importance. Several drugs have been approved for treatment of molecularly defined subgroups of patients, and the number of agents requiring companion diagnostics for their prescription is expected to rapidly increase. The results of such testing directly influence the management of individual patients, with both false-negative and false-positive results being harmful for patients. In this respect, external quality assurance (EQA) programs are essential to guarantee optimal quality of testing. There are several EQA schemes available in Europe, but they vary in scope, size and execution. During a conference held in early 2012, medical oncologists, pathologists, geneticists, molecular biologists, EQA providers and representatives from pharmaceutical industries developed a guideline to harmonize the standards applied by EQA schemes in molecular pathology. The guideline comprises recommendations on the organization of an EQA scheme, defining the criteria for reference laboratories, requirements for EQA test samples and the number of samples that are needed for an EQA scheme. Furthermore, a scoring system is proposed and consequences of poor performance are formulated. Lastly, the contents of an EQA report, communication of the EQA results, EQA databases and participant manual are given

Problem-Solving Justice: European Approaches (Editorial)

Criminal Justice: Legitimacy, accountability, and effectivit

Problem-Solving Initiatives in Administrative and Criminal Law in the Netherlands

In this contribution we describe how efforts to solve the problems of litigants, suspects and victims are organized in the Dutch administrative and criminal justice systems. Contrary to the problem-solving courts that we know from the United States and Australia, problem-solving justice in the Netherlands is for a large part in the hands of administrative authorities and a variety of agencies in the criminal justice organisation. The possibilities for judges  to actually solve litigants’ problems are few, at least in administrative and criminal law. This is related to a lack of expertise and training, but also to time pressure and a lack of involvement of non-judicial expertise in the courts. With regard to the criminal justice system, there is a resistance to a more extensive intervention of the judges in problem-solving initiatives, as this would be at odds with their impartiality and independence. The results of several empirical studies show that the Dutch approach can be quite successful if it comes to ‘keeping cases out of court’. To a certain extent, this approach helps solve concrete problems of parties and of persons situated in a criminal law context. On the negative side, the position of interested parties in administrative decision-making is quite weak, and the same is true for suspects in the criminal justice domain. Criminal Justice: Legitimacy, accountability, and effectivit

Vervangende taakstraf als alternatief voor een niet betaalde geldboete: ‘No brainer’ of hersenkraker?

Criminal Justice: Legitimacy, accountability, and effectivit

DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOPKINSON BAR FOR TESTING LARGE SPECIMENS IN TENSION

On décrit une barre de pression pour grandes charges caractérisée par deux impulsions symétriques engendrées aux deux extrémités de la barre, et la méthode à utiliser pour l'interprétation des signaux. On donne les premiers résultats obtenus avec des éprouvettes de grandes dimensions en utilisant des techniques optiques de mesure.A high load pressure bar characterized by symmetric pulses coming from the two ends is described together with a method for interpretation of signals. First results obtained by testing large specimens using optical techniques are reported