Efeitos da densidade de população de plantas na cultura de couve-flor (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis)

An experiment was carried out to study the effects of the following population densities cauliflowers (plants per ha): 20,833 (0.60 m x 0.80 m), 25,641 (0.60 m x 0.65 m), ....37.037 (0.60 m x 0.45 m) , 55.555 (.0.60 m x 0.30 m), and 111,111 (0,60 m x 0,15 m) ; variety Snow ball. It was concluded that the effects of plant population density are greater on curd quality (weight and size) than on production per ha. The best plant population density to produce cauliflowers curd for Brazil market is from 20,000 to 25,000 plants/ha while for mini-curd is above 55,000 plants/ha.O experimento foi instalado na área experimental do Setor de Horticultura da ESALQ. (Piracicaba, SP), em um Latossol Roxo série "Luiz de Queiroz", em março de 1977, considerando as seguintes densidades de população: 20.833 plantas/ha (0,60 m x 0,80m), .. 25.641 plantas/ha (0,60 m x 0,65 m), 37.037 plantas/ha (..0.,60 m x 0,45 ml, 55.550 plantas/ha (,06Q m x 0,30 ,) e 111.111 plantas/ ha (0,60 m x 0,15 m). A partir dos resultados obtidos e para as condições do experimento concluiu-se que a densidade de população sobre a produção de couve-flor afeta mais a qualidade da cabeça (peso e tamanho), enquanto que o rendimento por área é pouco afetado. Para as condições do nosso mercado, a densidade ótima deve estar entre 20.000 a 25.000 plantas por ha e para a produção de mini-couve-flor mais de 55.000 plantas por ha, paraocultivar Bola de Neve

Effects of plant population density on cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) crop

Com a finalidade de avaliar o efeito da densidade de população de plantas sobre a cultura de repolho (Brassica cleraoea var, capitata L.), foi realizado um experimento no Campo Experimental do Setor de Horticultura da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, São Paulo, em um Latossol Roxo, Série Luiz de Queiroz, utilizando-se os espaçamentos de 0,60 mx 0,80 m; 0,60 m x 0,65 m; 0,60 m x 0,45 m; 0,60 m x 0,30 m e 0,60 m x 0,15 m. À medida em que se aumentou a densidade de população, houve as seguintes alterações na planta de repolho: mudança de for mato chato da "cabeça" para cônico, redução do numero de folhas, tamanho (peso, volume e diâmetros transversal e longitudinal) , aumento na densidade da "cabeça" (peso/volume) e aumento na porcentagem de plantas que não produziram "cabeça.In order to study the effects of plant population density on cabbage crop (Brassica oleracea var-. capitata), an experiment using different spacing (0,60 m x 0.80 m, 0.60 m x 0.65 m, 0.60mx0.45m, 0.60 m x 0.30 m, and 0.60mx 0.15m) was carried out. There were the following changes in cabbage plants due to increasing population density: plant head became conical: number and size (weight, volume and diameters) of leaves decreased; density (weight/volume) and percentage of plants forming no head increased

A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee

Many clinical trials have evaluated the benefit of long-term use of antiplatelet drugs in reducing the risk of clinical thrombotic events. Aspirin and ticlopidine have been shown to be effective, but both have potentially serious adverse effects. Clopidogrel, a new thienopyridine derivative similar to ticlopidine, is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate. METHODS: CAPRIE was a randomised, blinded, international trial designed to assess the relative efficacy of clopidogrel (75 mg once daily) and aspirin (325 mg once daily) in reducing the risk of a composite outcome cluster of ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death; their relative safety was also assessed. The population studied comprised subgroups of patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease manifested as either recent ischaemic stroke, recent myocardial infarction, or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. Patients were followed for 1 to 3 years. FINDINGS: 19,185 patients, with more than 6300 in each of the clinical subgroups, were recruited over 3 years, with a mean follow-up of 1.91 years. There were 1960 first events included in the outcome cluster on which an intention-to-treat analysis showed that patients treated with clopidogrel had an annual 5.32% risk of ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death compared with 5.83% with aspirin. These rates reflect a statistically significant (p = 0.043) relative-risk reduction of 8.7% in favour of clopidogrel (95% Cl 0.3-16.5). Corresponding on-treatment analysis yielded a relative-risk reduction of 9.4%. There were no major differences in terms of safety. Reported adverse experiences in the clopidogrel and aspirin groups judged to be severe included rash (0.26% vs 0.10%), diarrhoea (0.23% vs 0.11%), upper gastrointestinal discomfort (0.97% vs 1.22%), intracranial haemorrhage (0.33% vs 0.47%), and gastrointestinal haemorrhage (0.52% vs 0.72%), respectively. There were ten (0.10%) patients in the clopidogrel group with significant reductions in neutrophils (< 1.2 x 10(9)/L) and 16 (0.17%) in the aspirin group. INTERPRETATION: Long-term administration of clopidogrel to patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease is more effective than aspirin in reducing the combined risk of ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death. The overall safety profile of clopidogrel is at least as good as that of medium-dose aspirin