Methane Production of Fresh Sainfoin, with or without PEG, and Fresh Alfalfa at Different Stages of Maturity is Similar, but the Fermentation End Products Vary (vol 9, 197, 2019)

The authors wish to make the following correction to their paper [1]. In Table 2, the production of methane in alfalfa at the start-flowering should be 38 mL/g dOM and not 3 mL/g dOM. Table 2. Effect of the substrate (S) and the stage of maturity 1 (SM) on gas and methane production (CH4), potential gas production (A), rate of gas production (c), in vitro organic matter degradability (IVOMD), ammonia (NH3-N), and volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Table The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused

Effect of the method of preservation on the chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics in two legumes rich in condensed tannins

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of preservation (hay and silage) on the chemical composition and the in vitro fermentation characteristics in comparison with fresh forage in two legumes rich in condensed tannins (CT). Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) was collected at the late bloom stage and sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) at the early bloom stage. In each forage, a part was immediately freeze-dried, a part was dried at ambient temperature to obtain hay, and another part was ensiled in vacuum-packages for 82 days. An in vitro assay to study the fermentation was carried out with an Ankom system during 72 h. In both forages, the silages had different contents of polyphenols and condensed tannins fractions than fresh forage and hay (P<0.05). Sainfoin hay only had greater content of fibre-bound CT fraction (FBCT) than fresh sainfoin, whereas sulla hay had greater protein-bound CT and FBCT contents than fresh sulla (P<0.05). Sainfoin silage had lower gas and methane production than hay and fresh forage (P < 0.001), whereas fresh sulla had greater gas and methane production, followed by hay and silage, which produced the least (P<0.05). In both legumes, hay had lower in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) than silage and fresh forage (P<0.001). The method of preservation affected the total production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) only in sulla (P<0.05). Most of the proportions of individual VFA were affected by the method of preservation in both legumes (P<0.001). In conclusion, polyphenols content, total content and fractions of CT were more affected in the silages than in the hays when compared to fresh forages. However, according to gas and methane production and IVOMD, silage may have greater feed nutritive value than hay although further studies on animal performance are warranted before recommendation

Carotenoids and liposoluble vitamins in the plasma and tissues of light lambs given different maternal feedings and fattening concentrates

The carotenoids and liposoluble vitamins in the plasma and tissues of the lambs under different maternal feedings and fattening concentrates was studied. During lactation, 21 lambs were housed with their dams, that received a total mixed ration (intensive); 21 ewe–lamb pairs grazed on alfalfa; and 21 pairs grazed on sainfoin. After weaning, half of the lambs in each maternal feeding group received a commercial concentrate (control) and the other half a concentrate with quebracho (Schinopsis balansae), as a source of condensed tannins, until they were slaughtered (23 kg). The analyte concentrations in the plasma of lambs at weaning reflected the content in the feedstuffs. Grazing during suckling more than doubled the contents of lutein in the liver and retinol in the tissues compared to the intensive feeding. The content of a-tocopherol in the tissues was greatest in sainfoin lambs, intermediate in alfalfa lambs, and lowest in the intensive lambs. The quebracho concentrate decreased a-tocopherol (by 41–81%) and ¿-tocopherol (by 65–89%) contents in the lamb tissues. The use of the analytes in the plasma at weaning correctly classified 100% of the lambs into the maternal feeding (intensive vs. grazing (alfalfa + sainfoin)) but has to be improved in the carcass and tissues separately

The Inclusion of Concentrate with Quebracho Is Advisable in Two Forage-Based Diets of Ewes According to the In Vitro Fermentation Parameters

Simple Summary In dry, mountainous areas, ewes are fed low-quality forages (hay or straw) indoors, although they also graze in high-quality pastures when available. Concentrate supplementation is recommended to cover high nutritional requirements during lactation. Condensed tannins (CT) of quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) can be included in the concentrate to reduce methane (CH4) emissions and ruminal degradation of protein, improving the fermentation’s efficiency. Furthermore, low levels of quebracho can improve some meat and milk quality traits. The effects of the inclusion of concentrate and CT in diets depend on the level of inclusion and the quality of forage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro fermentation characteristics of diets in order to identify the most suitable one to be fed to ewes under farming conditions. The diets examined differed in quality of the forage available, comparing hay versus fresh forage diets and forage alone versus 70:30 forage:concentrate with (quebracho) or without CT (control) in each type of forage. The fresh-forage-based diets had lower gas and CH4 production and greater in vitro organic matter degradability (IVOMD) than the hay-based diets. The inclusion of quebracho concentrate increased the IVOMD in hay-based diets and reduced ammonia content in fresh-forage-based diets. Abstract Ewes receive hay or graze on fresh pastures supplemented with concentrates to fulfil their lactation requirements. Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) can be added to change the ruminal fermentation. Fermentation parameters of forages alone and 70:30 forage:concentrate diets with control and quebracho concentrate were compared after 24 h of in vitro incubation. Fresh forage diets produced less gas (p < 0.05) and had greater IVOMD (p < 0.001), ammonia (NH3-N) content, valeric acid, branched-chain volatile fatty acid proportions, and lower propionic acid proportion than the hay diets (p < 0.01). In the hay diets, methane production increased with control concentrate (p < 0.01) and tended to decrease with quebacho concentrate (p < 0.10). The inclusion of both concentrates increased the acetic:propionic ratio (p < 0.01), and only the inclusion of quebracho concentrate increased the IVOMD (p < 0.01). In the fresh forage diets, gas and methane production increased with the inclusion of the control concentrate (p < 0.05), but methane production decreased with quebracho concentrate (p < 0.01). The inclusion of quebracho concentrate reduced the NH3-N content and valeric acid proportion (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of quebracho concentrate would be advisable to reduce the CH4 production and NH3-N content in fresh forage diets and to increase the IVOMD in hay diets in comparison with the forages alone

Modeling dimensionally-heterogeneous problems: analysis, approximation and applications

Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Las razas berrendas en el área de Despeñaperros

Las razas Berrenda en Negro y Berrenda en Colorado son razas autóctonas, rústicas y maternales que suelen usarse para cruce industrial, se encuentran en peligro de extinción, al estar disminuyendo sus efectivos, y mezclándose, cada vez más, entre sí y con otras razas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue mostrar el estado actual y el grado de diferenciación de los bovinos Berrendo en Negro y Berrendo en Colorado localizados en el entorno de Despeñaperros en base a las características externas que presentan tanto a partir de sus caracteres zoométricos, como morfológicos y fanerópticos. Para ello se han muestreado un total de 160 reproductoras distribuidas en 13 rebaños, la mayoría de los cuales criaban conjuntamente ambas razas Berrendas. Para los cálculos se utilizó el programa estadístico Statistical 6.0 para Windows, realizándose pruebas T de diferenciación entre razas para las variables zoométricas y pruebas ML_2 para los cualitativos. Las variables zoométricas Alzada a la Cruz (ACR) y Diámetro Bicostal (LB) para la Berrenda en Negro y ACR para la Berrenda en Colorado mostraron valores inferiores a los definidos por el estándar de la raza. Para los caracteres cualitativos sección y forma del cuerno, tamaño de las orejas, longitud del cuello, inclinación de la grupa, finura de la cola y nalga, en ambas razas, existen discrepancias entre lo obtenido y lo dictaminado por el estándar de la raza. Se han encontrado diferencias significativas entre ambas razas tanto para el desarrollo del cuerno, como para el perfil cefálico, tamaño de la ubre, vientre y nalga, con un nivel de significación de p<0.05

Influencia del riego deficitario controlado precosecha sobre la calidad de la cereza ´Prime Giant`

El uso de redes de sensores para el manejo del riego deficitario controlado (RDC) en cerezo puede incidir en la mejora de la productividad del agua, calidad de la fruta y en su comportamiento poscosecha, al permitir el conocimiento y control del estado hídrico del suelo y árbol en todo momento. En el primer año de ensayo, el riego deficitario aplicado en precosecha para satisfacer el 85% de las necesidades máximas del cultivo (ETcg) permitió un ahorro de agua del 17% (380 m3 ha-1) respecto al tratamiento control, que se regó al 110% de la ETcg. Este déficit hídrico ligero no afectó a la producción (16,13 t ha-1) e incluso mejoró la calidad del fruto. Así, en el momento de la cosecha (t0) los frutos bajo déficit ligero presentaron matices más rojos y mayor acidez que los de riego completo. Esta mayor acidez no afectó al índice de madurez debido a la compensación por sólidos solubles totales (SST). El carácter de mayor acidez perduró tras 30 días de conservación en frio (t1) y 5 días de simulación de las condiciones de comercialización (t2). Igualmente, los frutos bajo déficit hídrico presentaron una tendencia a menores pérdidas de peso por deshidratación a finales de los periodos de conservación en frio y de simulación de la comercialización.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad AGL2013-49047-C2-1

Effect of the rate of inclusion of field pea in the concentrate of lambs on in vitro fermentation parameters

The replacement of soya by local protein sources, as the field pea (Pisum sativum), has been encouraged to reduce the dependency of Europe on soya imports. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing amounts of field pea in the lamb’s concentrate (0%Pea, 10%Pea, 20%Pea and 30%Pea) on in vitro fermentation. Gas production was determined with the Ankom system for 24 hours and the parameters of kinetics of fermentation were estimated. Methane, ammonia (NH3 -N) and in vitro organic matter degradability (IVOMD) were determined. Most of the parameters were affected by the rate of inclusion of pea. The 10%Pea concentrate had the lowest gas production and the NH3 -N content (P<0.05). Methane production was lower in 10%Pea than in 30%Pea (P<0.05), presenting 0%Pea and 20%Pea intermediate values. Regarding the IVOMD, the 10%Pea had greater degradability than 20%Pea and 30%Pea (P<0.05) presenting 0%Pea intermediate value (P>0.05). In conclusion, a partial substitution of soya by 10% field pea in lamb’s concentrate could be recommended because it reduced gas and methane production and NH3 -N content whereas it increased IVOMD.Le remplacement du soja par des sources de protéines locales, comme le pois de grande culture (Pisum sativum), a été encouragé afin de réduire la dépendance de l’Europe vis-à-vis des importations de soja. Le but de cette étude était d’étudier l’effet de l’augmentation des quantités de pois (0%de Pois, 10% de Pois, 20% de Pois et 30% de Pois) dans le concentré d’agneau sur la fermentation in vitro. La production de gaz a été déterminée avec le système Ankom pendant 24 heures et les paramètres de cinétique de fermentation ont été estimés. Le méthane, l’ammoniac (NH3 -N) et la dégradation de la matière organique in vitro (IVOMD) ont été déterminés. Le taux d’inclusion du pois a eu un effet sur la plupart des paramètres. Ainsi, le concentré de 10% de Pois a réduit la production de gaz et la teneur en NH3 -N par rapport au reste des concentrés (p <0,05). La production de méthane était plus faible pour le concentré de 10% de Pois que chez celui de 30% de Pois (P <0,05). Concernant l’IVOMD, le concentré de 10% de Pois avait une digestibilité supérieure à ceux de 20% et de30% de Pois (p 0,05). En conclusion, une substitution partielle du soja par 10% de Pois dans les concentrés d’agneau pourrait être recommandée car elle réduit la production de gaz, demethane et la teneur en NH3 -N, alors qu’elle augmenterait l’IVOMD.The authors gratefully acknowledge the staff of the CITA Research Centre for technical support, especially to Angelines Legua and Andrés Domínguez. Project RTA2014-00032-c02-01 and RZPP2017; INIA and ESF funded M. Blanco contractOvinePeaDegradability in vitroMethaneAmmoniaPoisDégradation in vitroOvineMethaneAmmoniacPublishe

Augmented Interface Systems for the Darcy-Stokes Problem

In this paper we study interface equations associated to the Darcy-Stokes problem using the classical Steklov-Poincaré approach and a new one called augmented. We compare these two families of methods and characterize at the discrete level suitable preconditioners with additive and multiplicative structures. Finally, we present some numerical results to assess their behavior in presence of small physical parameters