What links obesity to cancer?

The predominant cancers associated with obesity include breast, endometrial and prostate cancer which all have a hormonal basis. Several studies have shown that obesity also increases the risk for cancers of the colon, oesophagus (adenocarcinoma), pancreas, gall bladder, liver, cervix, ovaries, kidney, as well as Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The mechanism of increased cancer risk in obese populations is unclear, but nutritional and dietary factors, and lack of exercise may have a role. The conversion of androstenedione, which is secreted by the adrenal gland, into oestrone by aromatase in adipose tissue stroma provides an important source of oestrogen for postmenopausal women. Leptin may be a possible link between Western lifestyle and the transition from premalignant lesions to overt cancer through the induction of tumour angiogenesis. Insulin and IGF-I may be the biological mediators of cell growth. The increased release of cytokines by the adipocyte may play a role in the inflammatory state associated with obesity

Impact of body mass index on cancer development

Purpose: To determine the impact of body mass index (BMI) on cancer in a hospital-based Turkish population

Comparison of response and survival of first-line crizotinib therapy according to EML-4 ALK fusion variants in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients: A Turkish Oncology Group study

Purpose: In the literature there are conflicting data about the treatment efficacy of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients according to ALK fusion variants. We aimed to study the impact of ALK fusion variants on the survival of first-line crizotinib-treated NSCLC patients. Methods: 101 locally advanced or metastatic ALK positive NSCLC patients treated with first-line crizotinib between January 2013 and December 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. We studied ALK fusion variants in 38 of those patients with adequate tumor tissue with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). Patients having ALK fusion variant 1 (v1) and non-variant 1 (non-v1) were compared for survival and response to crizotinib. Results: Median age was 52.5 years (range 35-74), and 22 of 38 patients were male (57.9%). EML-4 ALK v1 was seen in 26 patients (68.4%) and 12 were non-v1 (variant 3a/b in 6, and non-EML-4 ALK variants in 6 patients). Objective response rate was 60.5% in all patients, whereas it was 61.5% in v1 and 58.3% in non-v1 group. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were similar. Median PFS was 13.1 months in v1, and 12.4 months in non-v1 (p=0.232). Median OS was 23.2 months in v1, and 19.4 months non-v1 (p=0.493). Conclusion: ALK v1 and non-v1 patients had the same OS and PFS after first-line crizotinib treatment, however there was a trend for v1 group for better OS. © 2021 Zerbinis Publications. All rights reserved.The study was supported by Turkish Oncology Group

Evaluation of an Occupational Education

The report assesses the impact of career awareness-oriented dramatic play procedures in elementary school children. A sample of 90 second graders from North Carolina (66 from open classrooms and 24 from self-contained classrooms), who participated in a dramatic play program in which they constructed a model community in the classroom, was compared: with a control group of 33 students who participated in a traditi l program of career education (field trips, movies, and sound to The results of the:11111 pre- and posttests, which were cross analyzed by bility level and socioeconomic level and presented in tabular form, suggest that dramatic play was more effective than traditional methods both in the self-contained and the open classroom setting. Greater gains were produced in factual knowledge, occupational awareness, and productive thinking in relation to social and community organization in bot