Mechanism and dynamics of the CO-induced lifting of the Pt(100) surface reconstruction

The first atomistic simulations of the CO-induced lifting of the Pt(100)-hex reconstruction have been performed. During this phase transformation the surface changes back to bulk-terminated Pt(100)-(1×1), whereby the surface atom density decreases by ~20%. The simulations reveal a mechanism collective in nature, indicating that restructuring proceeds through ejection of chains of Pt atoms. These chains explain the anisotropy as seen in scanning tunneling microscopy experiments. The restructuring rate depends nonlinearly on the CO coverage, but the absence of local clustering of CO excludes an explanation in terms of elementary reaction kinetics as proposed previously

Barriers and facilitators to physical activity among children, adolescents, and young adults with cystic fibrosis: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative of research

This is the final version. Available from BMJ Publishing Group via the DOI in this record.Availability of data and material: All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.Objectives: Physical activity is widely recommended in the treatment and management of cystic fibrosis (CF). Despite the numerous physical and psychological benefits, many young people with CF are not achieving the recommended levels of physical activity. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and synthesise available qualitative investigations exploring the motives for, barriers to and facilitators of physical activity among young people with CF. Methods: The following six electronic databases were systematically searched: ASSIA, CINAH, EMBASE, MEDLINE, MEDLINE-in-process, PsycINFO up to August 2019. Keywords were used to identify qualitative research that explored engagement in physical activity among young people with CF. Titles and abstracts were screened by two independent reviewers, and potentially relevant articles were retrieved in full. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they employed any qualitative method and recruited participants under the age of 24 years with CF. Risk of bias of included studies were assessed via the Critical Appraisal Skills Program. Results were synthesised using a thematic approach. Results: Seven studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Overall, studies were of moderate to high quality. Thematic synthesis identified nine main themes that encompass motives for, barriers to and facilitators of physical activity among young people with CF. These were 1) perceptions of physical activity, 2) value attributed to physical activity, 3) social influences, 4) competing priorities, 5) fluctuating health, 6) normality, 7) control beliefs, 8) coping strategies, and 9) availability of facilities. Previous reviews have been unable to identify intervention characteristics that influence physical activity behaviour. Conclusions: This review provides detailed information on the physical (biological – clinical), psychological, social, and environmental influences on physical activity behaviour, thus providing numerous targets for future interventions. This in turn could facilitate promotion of physical activity among young people with CF.Cystic Fibrosis TrustVertex Pharmaceutical

Functional interaction between the epidermal growth factor receptor and c-Src kinase activity

AbstractTo study the relationship between the tyrosine kinase c-Src and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), we used the breast cancer cell line ZR75-1, which was transfected with the EGF-R. The EGF-R transfected cell line expressed 60 times more EGF-R than a control cell line transfected with the empty vector. In the presence of EGF, the EGF-R over-expressing cell line grew much faster than the control cell line. Both cell lines expressed approximately equal amounts of c-Src. However, the cell line over-expressing the EGF-R showed a twofold enhancement of c-Src kinase activity after EGF stimulation. The activation of c-Src kinase by EGF was confirmed in other EGF-R expressing cell types

Augmenting muscle diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol content by blocking fatty acid oxidation does not impede insulin sensitivity

A low fat oxidative capacity has been linked to muscle diacylglycerol (DAG) accumulation and insulin resistance. Alternatively, a low fat oxidation rate may stimulate glucose oxidation, thereby enhancing glucose disposal. Here, we investigated whether an ethyl-2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]-oxirane-2-carboxylate (etomoxir)-induced inhibition of fat oxidation leads to muscle fat storage and insulin resistance. An intervention in healthy male subjects was combined with studies in human primary myotubes. Furthermore, muscle DAG and triacylglycerol (TAG), mitochondrial function, and insulin signaling were examined in etomoxir-treated C57bl6 mice. In humans, etomoxir administration increased glucose oxidation at the expense of fat oxidation. This effect was accompanied by an increased abundance of GLUT4 at the sarcolemma and a lowering of plasma glucose levels, indicative of improved glucose homeostasis. In mice, etomoxir injections resulted in accumulation of muscle TAG and DAG, yet improved insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. Also in human myotubes, insulin signaling was improved by etomoxir, in the presence of increased intramyocellular lipid accumulation. These insulin-sensitizing effects in mice and human myotubes were accompanied by increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our results show that a reduction in fat oxidation leading to accumulation of muscle DAG does not necessarily lead to insulin resistance, as the reduction in fat oxidation may activate AMPK

Colonial heritage and restitution: a round table discussion among museum professionals

Political Culture and National Identit

CO-induced lifting of Au (001) surface reconstruction

We report CO-induced lifting of the hexagonal surface reconstruction on Au (001). Using in-situ surface x-ray scattering, we determined a pressure-temperature phase diagram for the reconstruction and measured the dynamical evolution of the surface structure in real time. Our observations provide evidence that, under certain conditions, even macroscopic Au surfaces, much larger than catalytic Au nanoparticles [M. Haruta, Catal. Today 36, 153 (1997)], can exhibit some of the reactive properties and surface transitions observed in systems known to be catalytically active such as Pt (001).Comment: 4 Figures. Accepted as a Letter to Journal of Physical Chemistry

Correction: Getting evidence into clinical practice: protocol for evaluation of the implementation of a home-based cardiac rehabilitation programme for patients with heart failure.

This is the final version. Available on open access from BMJ Publishing group via the DOI in this recordThe article to which this is the correction is available in ORE at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/121757This is a correction to: Daw P, van Beurden SB, Greaves C, et al. Getting evidence into clinical practice: protocol for evaluation of the implementation of a home- based cardiac rehabilitation programme for patients with heart failure. BMJ Open 2020;10:e036137. doi: 10.1136/ bmjopen-2019-036137. This article was previously published with an error. The paper was linked to an incorrect trial registration number, which has now been remove

A DROP-IN beta probe for robot-assisted 68Ga-PSMA radioguided surgery: first ex vivo technology evaluation using prostate cancer specimens

Background: Recently, a flexible DROP-IN gamma-probe was introduced for robot-assisted radioguided surgery, using traditional low-energy SPECT-isotopes. In parallel, a novel approach to achieve sensitive radioguidance using beta-emitting PET isotopes has been proposed. Integration of these two concepts would allow to exploit the use of PET tracers during robot-assisted tumor-receptor-targeted. In this study, we have engineered and validated the performance of a novel DROP-IN beta particle (DROP-INβ) detector. Methods: Seven prostate cancer patients with PSMA-PET positive tumors received an additional intraoperative injection of ~ 70 MBq 68Ga-PSMA-11, followed by robot-assisted prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection. The surgical specimens from these procedures were used to validate the performance of our DROP-INβ probe prototype, which merged a scintillating detector with a housing optimized for a 12-mm trocar and prograsp instruments. Results: After optimization of the detector and probe housing via Monte Carlo simulations, the resulting DROP-INβ probe prototype was tested in a robotic setting. In the ex vivo setting, the probe—positioned by the robot—was able to identify 68Ga-PSMA-11 containing hot-spots in the surgical specimens: signal-to-background (S/B) was > 5 when pathology confirmed that the tumor was located < 1 mm below the specimen surface. 68Ga-PSMA-11 containing (and PET positive) lymph nodes, as found in two patients, were also confirmed with the DROP-INβ probe (S/B > 3). The rotational freedom of the DROP-IN design and the ability to manipulate the probe with the prograsp tool allowed the surgeon to perform autonomous beta-tracing. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility of beta-radioguided surgery in a robotic context by means of a DROP-INβ detector. When translated to an in vivo setting in the future, this technique could provide a valuable tool in detecting tumor remnants on the prostate surface and in confirmation of PSMA-PET positive lymph nodes. © 2020, The Author(s)