949 research outputs found
Highly sensitive multichannel spectrometer for subpicosecond spectroscopy in the midinfrared
A spectrometer system is presented for time-resolved probing in the midinfrared between 5 and 11 /tLmw ith a
temporal resolution of better than 400 fs. Multichannel detection with HgCdTe detector arrays consisting of
ten elements in combination with a high repetition rate permits one to record weak absorbance changes with an
accuracy of 0.1 mOD
Magnetothermoelectric properties of Bi2Se3
We present a study of entropy transport in Bi2Se3 at low temperatures and
high magnetic fields. In the zero-temperature limit, the magnitude of the
Seebeck coefficient quantitatively tracks the Fermi temperature of the 3D Fermi
surface at \Gamma-point as the carrier concentration changes by two orders of
magnitude (10 to 10cm). In high magnetic fields, the
Nernst response displays giant quantum oscillations indicating that this
feature is not exclusive to compensated semi-metals. A comprehensive analysis
of the Landau Level spectrum firmly establishes a large -factor in this
material and a substantial decrease of the Fermi energy with increasing
magnetic field across the quantum limit. Thus, the presence of bulk carriers
significantly affects the spectrum of the intensively debated surface states in
Bi2Se3 and related materials.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure
Instability and network effects in innovative markets
We consider a network of interacting agents and we model the process of
choice on the adoption of a given innovative product by means of
statistical-mechanics tools. The modelization allows us to focus on the effects
of direct interactions among agents in establishing the success or failure of
the product itself. Mimicking real systems, the whole population is divided
into two sub-communities called, respectively, Innovators and Followers, where
the former are assumed to display more influence power. We study in detail and
via numerical simulations on a random graph two different scenarios:
no-feedback interaction, where innovators are cohesive and not sensitively
affected by the remaining population, and feedback interaction, where the
influence of followers on innovators is non negligible. The outcomes are
markedly different: in the former case, which corresponds to the creation of a
niche in the market, Innovators are able to drive and polarize the whole
market. In the latter case the behavior of the market cannot be definitely
predicted and become unstable. In both cases we highlight the emergence of
collective phenomena and we show how the final outcome, in terms of the number
of buyers, is affected by the concentration of innovators and by the
interaction strengths among agents.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures. 7th workshop on "Dynamic Models in Economics and
Finance" - MDEF2012 (COST Action IS1104), Urbino (2012
Global impacts of energy demand on the freshwater resources of nations
The growing geographic disconnect between consumption of goods, the extraction and processing of resources, and the environmental impacts associated with production activities makes it crucial to factor global trade into sustainability assessments. Using an empirically validated environmentally extended global trade model, we examine the relationship between two key resources underpinning economies and human well-beingâenergy and freshwater. A comparison of three energy sectors (petroleum, gas, and electricity) reveals that freshwater consumption associated with gas and electricity production is largely confined within the territorial boundaries where demand originates. This finding contrasts with petroleum, which exhibits a varying ratio of territorial to international freshwater consumption, depending on the origin of demand. For example, although the United States and China have similar demand associated with the petroleum sector, international freshwater consumption is three times higher for the former than the latter. Based on mapping patterns of freshwater consumption associated with energy sectors at subnational scales, our analysis also reveals concordance between pressure on freshwater resources associated with energy production and freshwater scarcity in a number of river basins globally. These energy-driven pressures on freshwater resources in areas distant from the origin of energy demand complicate the design of policy to ensure security of fresh water and energy supply. Although much of the debate around energy is focused on greenhouse gas emissions, our findings highlight the need to consider the full range of consequences of energy production when designing policy
Applying consumer responsibility principle in evaluating environmental load of carbon emissions
There is a need for a proper indicator in order to assess the environmental impact of international
trade, therefore using the carbon footprint as an indicator can be relevant and useful. The aim of this
study is to show from a methodological perspective how the carbon footprint, combined with input-
output models can be used for analysing the impacts of international trade on the sustainable use
of national resources in a country. The use of the input-output approach has the essential advantage
of being able to track the transformation of goods through the economy. The study examines the environmental
impact of consumption related to international trade, using the consumer responsibility
principle. In this study the use of the carbon footprint and input-output methodology is shown on the
example of the Hungarian consumption and the impact of international trade. Moving from a production-
based approach in climate policy to a consumption-perspective principle and allocation,
would also help to increase the efficiency of emission reduction targets and the evaluation of the
ecological impacts of international trade
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