Implementing Teaching Strategies to Enhance Critical Thinking through Literature in High School Students

Critical thinking is when a person makes an inference on a topic through analyzation, and inductive reason. This form of inferences uses a set of prior skills and knowledge to conclude. It is a teacher\u27s job to provide students the tools to enhance their critical thinking. Through use of literature review and surveys with teachers and students, this capstone discusses skills that teachers implement teaching strategies to enhance their students’ critical thinking through freedom of choice of literature for low income high school students. Critical thinking is not just important in the school setting but in the outside world. Students will need to adapt to their work environments and collaborate with peers to solve projects and will use the inductive reasoning skills to create resolution rather than potential theories. Critical thinking becomes most important in college where they must learn the contents for their discipline while learning how to apply it. The findings reveal that critical thinking is an important piece to master when students are at the high school level and probe the tools that teachers are using to enhance the strategy through literatur

Black hole shadow of a rotating polytropic black hole by the Newman--Janis algorithm without complexification

In this work, starting from a spherically symmetric polytropic black hole, a rotating solution is obtained by following the Newman--Janis algorithm without complexification. Besides studying the horizon, the static conditions and causality issues of the rotating solution, we obtain and discuss the shape of its shadow. Some other physical features as the Hawking temperature and emission rate of the rotating polytropic black hole solution are also discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, some references adde

Titchmarsh Theorems for H\"older-Lipschitz functions on profinite groups

In this note we extend to metrizable profinite groups the classical theorems of Titchmarsh on the Fourier transform of H\"older-Lipschitz functions. This generalizes the results of Younis on compact zero-dimensional abelian groups to the noncommutative case, and proves a relation between the H\"older-Lipschitz-continuity of functions and their Sobolev regularity given in terms of the Vladimirov-Taibleson operator. Since the class of profinite groups is fairly big, the formulation of our results requires to impose a special condition on the representation theory of the group. We prove that in particular such condition is satisfied by compact nilpotent metrizable profinite groups, which covers the case of compact nilpotent $\ell$-adic Lie groups. In addition, we study the modulus of continuity of $L^2$-functions on the group, the functional spaces related to it, and its relation to the $L^2$-based H\"older-Lipschitz spaces. Finally, we also derive a characterization for Dini-Lipschitz classes on metrizable profinite groups in terms of the behavior of their Fourier coefficients

Contrasting patterns of selection between MHC I and II across populations of Humboldt and Magellanic penguins

Indexación: Web of ScienceThe evolutionary and adaptive potential of populations or species facing an emerging infectious disease depends on their genetic diversity in genes, such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In birds, MHC class I deals predominantly with intracellular infections (e.g., viruses) and MHC class II with extracellular infections (e.g., bacteria). Therefore, patterns of MHC I and II diversity may differ between species and across populations of species depending on the relative effect of local and global environmental selective pressures, genetic drift, and gene flow. We hypothesize that high gene flow among populations of Humboldt and Magellanic penguins limits local adaptation in MHC I and MHC II, and signatures of selection differ between markers, locations, and species. We evaluated the MHC I and II diversity using 454 next-generation sequencing of 100 Humboldt and 75 Magellanic penguins from seven different breeding colonies. Higher genetic diversity was observed in MHC I than MHC II for both species, explained by more than one MHC I loci identified. Large population sizes, high gene flow, and/or similar selection pressures maintain diversity but limit local adaptation in MHC I. A pattern of isolation by distance was observed for MHC II for Humboldt penguin suggesting local adaptation, mainly on the northernmost studied locality. Furthermore, trans species alleles were found due to a recent speciation for the genus or convergent evolution. High MHC I and MHC II gene diversity described is extremely advantageous for the long term survival of the species.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.2502/epd

Cadmium affects the mitochondrial viability and the acid soluble thiols concentration in liver, kidney, heart and gills of Ancistrus brevifilis (Eigenmann, 1920)

The freshwater fish Ancistrus brevifilis, which is found in Venezuelan rivers, is considered a potential sentinel fish in ecotoxicological studies. The cadmium (Cd) effect on the mitochondrial viability (MV) and acid soluble thiols levels (AST) in A. brevifilis tissues (liver, kidney, heart, and gill) was evaluated. Forty-two fish with similar sizes and weights were randomly selected, of which 7 fish (with their respective replicate) were exposed for 7 and 30 days to a Cd sublethal concentration (0.1 mg.l-1). We determined the MV through a Janus Green B colorimetric assay and we obtained the concentration of AST by Ellman’s method. Mitochondrial viability decreased in fish exposed to Cd for 30 days with the liver being the most affected tissue. We also detected a significant decrease in AST levels was in fishes exposed to Cd for 7 days in liver and kidney tissues; these results suggests that AST levels are elevated in some tissues may act as cytoprotective and adaptive alternative mechanism related to the ROS detoxification, maintenance redox status and mitochondrial viability. Organ-specifics variations were observed in both assays. We conclude that the Cd exposure effect on AST levels and MV, vary across fish tissues and is related to the exposure duration, the molecule dynamics in different tissues, the organism and environmental conditions.Keywords: Ancistrus brevifilis, Cadmium, Soluble thiols, Janus Green B, Mitochondrial viability

Vessel noise affects routine swimming and escape response of a coral reef fish

An increasing number of studies have shown that anthropogenic noise can negatively affect aspects of the anti-predator behaviour of reef fishes, potentially affecting fitness and survival. However, it has been suggested that effects could differ among noise sources. The present study compared two common sources of anthropogenic noise and investigated its effects on behavioural traits critical for fish survival. In a tank-based experiment we examined the effects of noise from 4-stroke motorboats and ships (bulk carriers > 50,000 tonnes) on the routine swimming and escape response of a coral reef fish, the whitetail damselfish (Pomacentrus chrysurus). Both 4-stroke boat and ship noise playbacks affected the fast-start response and routine swimming of whitetail damselfish, however the magnitude of the effects differed. Fish exposed to ship noise moved shorter distances and responded more slowly (higher response latency) to the startle stimulus compared to individuals under the 4-stroke noise treatment. Our study suggests that 4-stroke and ship noise can affect activity and escape response of individuals to a simulated predation threat, potentially compromising their anti-predator behaviour