812 research outputs found
EAS spectrum in the primary energy region above 10 to the 15th power eV by the Akeno and Yakutsk array data
The extensive air showers spectrum on scintillation desity Rko in primary energy region E sub approx. 10 to the 15th power - 10 to the 20th power eV on the Yakutsk array data and recent results of the Akeno is given
Polymers pushing Polymers: Polymer Mixtures in Thermodynamic Equilibrium with a Pore
We investigate polymer partitioning from polymer mixtures into nanometer size
cavities by formulating an equation of state for a binary polymer mixture
assuming that only one (smaller) of the two polymer components can penetrate
the cavity. Deriving the partitioning equilibrium equations and solving them
numerically allows us to introduce the concept of "polymers-pushing-polymers"
for the action of non-penetrating polymers on the partitioning of the
penetrating polymers. Polymer partitioning into a pore even within a very
simple model of a binary polymer mixture is shown to depend in a complicated
way on the composition of the polymer mixture and/or the pore-penetration
penalty. This can lead to enhanced as well as diminished partitioning, due to
two separate energy scales that we analyse in detail.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²
The paper briefly discusses some methods of palinspastic reconstructions and their application for studying of the Nizhneserginskaya thrust zone of the Urals using complex techniques that address both structural and kinematic principles of modeling. Based on the constructed model, the data reflecting the geological structure before the formation of thrust zones of the studied territory were obtained.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π½Π°Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π£ΡΠ°Π»Π° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ, Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ
Fluctuations of development maximum depth and nuclear composition of primary cosmic radiation
The extensive air showers (EAS) cascade curves from the Cerenkov light lateral distribution measurements are recovered and the maximum depth fluctuations of the shower development theta x sub m both on the Cerenkov and charged EAS components are defined. At E sub 0 approximates 10 to the 18th power eV the mean content of protons is greater than 85%, and p-air cross section theta sub 0 p-air 750mb
Dependence of the Energy Spectrum of UHE Cosmic Rays on the Latitude of an Extensive Air Shower Array
Several energy spectra of cosmic rays with energies E_0 \geq 10^17 eV
measured at the Yakutsk EAS, AGASA, Haverah Park, HiRes, Auger, and SUGAR
arrays are considered. It is shown that the fairly good mutual agreement of the
spectrum shapes can be achieved if the energy of each spectrum is multiplied by
a factor K specific for each spectrum. These factors exhibit a pronounced
dependence on the latitude of the above-mentioned arrays.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Study of track formation of ionizing particles in an ultrasonic field in a liquid hydrogen bubble chamber
Spectrum of cosmic rays with energy above eV
There are some discrepancies in the results on energy spectrum from Yakutsk,
AGASA, and HiRes experiments. In this work differential energy spectrum of
primary cosmic rays based on the Yakutsk EAS Array data is presented. For the
largest events values of and axes coordinates have been obtained
using revised lateral distribution function. Simulation of converter's response
at large distances showed no considerable underestimation of particle density.
Complex shape of spectrum in region of \E > 10^{17} eV is confirmed. After
adjustment of parameters and additional exposition at the Yakutsk array there
are three events with energy \E > 10^{20} eV.Comment: XIII International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray
Interaction, Pylos Greece, 6 - 12 Sep 2004. Four pages, one figure. Submitted
for publication in Nuclear Physics (B
Minority and mode conversion heating in (3He)-H JET plasma
Radio frequency (RF) heating experiments have recently been conducted in JET (He-3)-H plasmas. This type of plasmas will be used in ITER's non-activated operation phase. Whereas a companion paper in this same PPCF issue will discuss the RF heating scenario's at half the nominal magnetic field, this paper documents the heating performance in (He-3)-H plasmas at full field, with fundamental cyclotron heating of He-3 as the only possible ion heating scheme in view of the foreseen ITER antenna frequency bandwidth. Dominant electron heating with global heating efficiencies between 30% and 70% depending on the He-3 concentration were observed and mode conversion (MC) heating proved to be as efficient as He-3 minority heating. The unwanted presence of both He-4 and D in the discharges gave rise to 2 MC layers rather than a single one. This together with the fact that the location of the high-field side fast wave (FW) cutoff is a sensitive function of the parallel wave number and that one of the locations of the wave confluences critically depends on the He-3 concentration made the interpretation of the results, although more complex, very interesting: three regimes could be distinguished as a function of X[He-3]: (i) a regime at low concentration (X[He-3] < 1.8%) at which ion cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) heating is efficient, (ii) a regime at intermediate concentrations (1.8 < X[He-3] < 5%) in which the RF performance is degrading and ultimately becoming very poor, and finally (iii) a good heating regime at He-3 concentrations beyond 6%. In this latter regime, the heating efficiency did not critically depend on the actual concentration while at lower concentrations (X[He-3] < 4%) a bigger excursion in heating efficiency is observed and the estimates differ somewhat from shot to shot, also depending on whether local or global signals are chosen for the analysis. The different dynamics at the various concentrations can be traced back to the presence of 2 MC layers and their associated FW cutoffs residing inside the plasma at low He-3 concentration. One of these layers is approaching and crossing the low-field side plasma edge when 1.8 < X[He-3] < 5%. Adopting a minimization procedure to correlate the MC positions with the plasma composition reveals that the different behaviors observed are due to contamination of the plasma. Wave modeling not only supports this interpretation but also shows that moderate concentrations of D-like species significantly alter the overall wave behavior in He-3-H plasmas. Whereas numerical modeling yields quantitative information on the heating efficiency, analytical work gives a good description of the dominant underlying wave interaction physics
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