ФАРМАКОДИНАМИЧЕСКАЯ ЭКВИВАЛЕНТНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ3-МЕСЯЧНОЙ И 28-ДНЕВНОЙ ФОРМЫ ДЕКАПЕПТИЛА ДЕПО МЕДЛЕННОГО ВЫСВОБОЖДЕНИЯ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С РАСПРОСТРАНЕННЫМ РАКОМ ПРЕДСТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ

Objective: to evaluate the pharmacodynamic equivalence of 3-month and 28-day formulations of tryptoreline, a sustained-release luteininghormone (LH)-releasing hormone analogue.Subjects and methods. The patients who had a verified diagnosis of locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer were randomized intogroups to have either one injection of a 3-month dosage form (n = 63) or 3 injections of a 28-day formulation at 28-day intervals (n = 68).The onset rate of drug-induced castration, which was defined as a percentage of the patients achieving a plasma testosterone level of ≤0.5ng/ml, was compared on day 84 (i.e. thrice every 28 days). The plasma profiles of testosterone, LH, and tryptoreline, as well as the changesin the plasma concentration of prostate-specific antigen (PCA) from the baseline values were estimated within 3 months (from the initiationof therapy to day 91).Results. In the 3-month and 28-day groups, the onset rate of drug-induced castration was 98 and 96%, respectively (at confidenceintervals (94.2% bilaterally) in [-8.1%; 9.6%]. The median time for drug-induced castration was 18.8 and 18.5 days, respective-ly (p = 0.86; log-rank test). The ratios of the mean peak plasma concentrations to AUC91 of the two formulations for testosteroneand LH were within 0.80; 1.25 equivalence interval. By day 91, the mean PSA level was decreased by 91.0 and 91.7%, respec-tively (p = 0.73).Conclusion. The use of the two formulations during 3 months is pharmacologically equal.  Фармакодинамическая эквивалентность применения3-месячной и 28-дневной формы Декапептила депо медленного высвобождения у пациентов с распространенным раком предстательной железы

The effects of transurethral resection and cystoprostatectomy on dissemination of epithelial cells in the circulation of patients with bladder cancer

This study was undertaken to evaluate the risk of haematogenous dissemination of epithelial cells induced by endoscopic resection and/or cystoprostatectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Thirty-three patients were studied. Thirty-one had different stages and grades of bladder cancer and two patients had benign bladder conditions. Twenty-five cancer patients required transurethral resection of their bladder tumour. Of those, 20 had superficial disease (pTaG1–G2: n = 19; pT1G2: n = 1) and five had muscle invasive tumours (pT2G3: n = 2; pT3aG3: n = 1; pT4G3: n = 2). Five patients underwent radical cystoprostatectomy for muscle invasive cancers (pT2G3: n = 3; pT3bG3: n = 1; pT4G3: n = 1) and one man received chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Venous blood (10 ml) was obtained from the antecubital fossa in each patient, before and 1–2 h after completion of surgery, and prior to treatment in the metastatic patient. An indirect immunocytochemical technique was used to detect circulating epithelial cells after centrifugation on Ficoll gradient and fixation of mononuclear cells on slides, using a monoclonal antibody directed against three cytokeratins: CK8, CK18 and CK19. Circulating epithelial cells were detected only in the patient with metastatic disease. None of the other patients had evidence of epithelial circulating cells before or after surgery. The results suggest that irrespective of disease stage and grade, neither endoscopic nor open bladder surgery leads to detectable dissemination of urothelial cells in the peripheral circulation. These procedures are therefore unlikely to increase the risk of progression and metastasis in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig

Clinical relevance of genetic instability in prostatic cells obtained by prostatic massage in early prostate cancer

We investigated whether genetic lesions such as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) are detected in prostatic cells obtained by prostatic massage during early diagnosis of prostate cancer (CaP) and discussed their clinical relevance. Blood and first urine voided after prostatic massage were collected in 99 patients with total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) between 4 and 10 ng ml−1, prior to prostate biopsies. Presence of prostatic cells was confirmed by quantitative RT–PCR analysis of PSA mRNA. Genomic DNA was analysed for LOH on six chromosomal regions. One or more allelic deletions were found in prostatic fluid from 57 patients analysed, of whom 33 (58%) had CaP. Sensitivity and specificity of LOH detection and PSA free to total ratio <15% for positive biopsy were respectively 86.7 and 44% (P=0.002) for LOH, and 55 and 74% (P=0.006) for PSA ratio <15%. Analysis of LOH obtained from prostatic tumours revealed similar patterns compared to prostatic fluid cells in 86% of cases, confirming its accuracy. The presence of LOH of urinary prostatic cells obtained after prostatic massage is significantly associated with CaP on biopsy and may potentially help to identify a set of patients who are candidates for further prostate biopsies

Diagnosis and treatment of urticaria and angioedema: a worldwide perspective

Urticaria and angioedema are common clinical conditions representing a major concern for physicians and patients alike. The World Allergy Organization (WAO), recognizing the importance of these diseases, has contributed to previous guidelines for the diagnosis and management of urticaria. The Scientific and Clinical Issues Council of WAO proposed the development of this global Position Paper to further enhance the clinical management of these disorders through the participation of renowned experts from all WAO regions of the world. Sections on definition and classification, prevalence, etiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis are based on the best scientific evidence presently available. Additional sections devoted to urticaria and angioedema in children and pregnant women, quality of life and patient-reported outcomes, and physical urticarias have been incorporated into this document. It is expected that this article will supplement recent international guidelines with the contribution of an expert panel designated by the WAO, increasing awareness of the importance of urticaria and angioedema in medical practice and will become a useful source of information for optimum patient management worldwide

Étude du rayonnement de conversion interne de l'ionium

Par la méthode des coïncidences α-électrons de conversion, on montre que le nombre d'électrons de conversion émis par I00 désintégrations dans la désexcitation du niveau de 68 keV du Ra est égal à 22. Ces résultats sont en accord avec ceux prévisibles par l'étude de la structure fine α et du rayonnement γ

Étude de la transition γ de 350 keV accompagnant l'émission Ac C α→ Ac C"

On étudie les coïncidences α-électron de conversion dans Ac C à l'aide d'un compteur proportionnel et d'un compteur Geiger à fenêtre mince. La valeur obtenue de 3,0 ± 0,3 électrons de conversion par 100 désintégrations, les données récentes de la structure fine α et une nouvelle mesure du rapport NeK/NeL permettent de calculer le coefficient de conversion relatif à la couche K : αK = 0,18 ± 0,03. La comparaison avec les résultats théoriques montre que cette transition est probablement constituée par un mélange de dipôle magnétique et de quadripôle électrique. On discute les valeurs de spin possibles pour l'état excité et l'état fondamental

Corrélations angulaires α - γ et α - Rayonnement X dans I0 ( 23090Th)

I° Description d'une méthode et d'un appareillage permettant de mesurer la direction d'émission d'une particule α dans une chambre d'ionisation. 2° Application aux corrélations angulaires α—γ : calcul des corrections dues à la géométrie et à l'appareillage électronique. 3° Étude dans l'Io des corrélations angulaires α - γ avec les rayonnements de 67,8 et I42 keV : a. Discussion de l'influence des champs électriques sur la corrélation; b. Mise en évidence du spin 4 du niveau excité de 2I0 keV du Ra (deuxième niveau de rotation); c. Comparaison des résultats avec la théorie des niveaux de rotation. 4° Étude expérimentale de la corrélation angulaire α - rayonnement X qui montre une émission isotrope du rayonnement X. 5° Discussion théorique des corrélations angulaires avec le rayonnement X