CLUSTER BASED ROUTING AND MULTICAST SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS FOR RELAY NETWORKS

The rapid development of audio and video applications such as Skype and YouTube increases people’s demands for ubiquitous high-data-rate coverage. We used Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) relay-enhanced cellular network, the integration of multi hop relaying with OFDMA infrastructure, has become one of the most promising solutions for next-generation wireless communications. We propose a collaborative multi-hop routing algorithm combined with clustering to improve network performance. To build the multi-hop routing with maximum achievable rate. the result shows that it balances the load of the network and deals with the change effectively of the network topology, and also improves the reliability, throughput and stability of the network efficiently

Case report on tuberous sclerosis

Tuberous sclerosis is a genetic multisystem disorder characterized by widespread hamartomas in several organs, including the brain, heart, skin, eyes, kidney, lung and liver.  The affected genes are TSC1 and TSC2, encoding hamartin and tuberin respectively.  Most features of tuberous sclerosis become evident only in childhood, limiting their usefulness for early diagnosis. We report a case of 3months old female child with seizures and hypo-pigmented skin lesions. The case is rare as it is documented in a family affected continuously in three generations involving four members

Tigers of Sundarbans in India: Is the Population a Separate Conservation Unit?

The Sundarbans tiger inhabits a unique mangrove habitat and are morphologically distinct from the recognized tiger subspecies in terms of skull morphometrics and body size. Thus, there is an urgent need to assess their ecological and genetic distinctiveness and determine if Sundarbans tigers should be defined and managed as separate conservation unit. We utilized nine microsatellites and 3 kb from four mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes to estimate genetic variability, population structure, demographic parameters and visualize historic and contemporary connectivity among tiger populations from Sundarbans and mainland India. We also evaluated the traits that determine exchangeability or adaptive differences among tiger populations. Data from both markers suggest that Sundarbans tiger is not a separate tiger subspecies and should be regarded as Bengal tiger (P. t. tigris) subspecies. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of the mtDNA data revealed reciprocal monophyly. Genetic differentiation was found stronger for mtDNA than nuclear DNA. Microsatellite markers indicated low genetic variation in Sundarbans tigers (He= 0.58) as compared to other mainland populations, such as northern and Peninsular (Hebetween 0.67- 0.70). Molecular data supports migration between mainland and Sundarbans populations until very recent times. We attribute this reduction in gene flow to accelerated fragmentation and habitat alteration in the landscape over the past few centuries. Demographic analyses suggest that Sundarbans tigers have diverged recently from peninsular tiger population within last 2000 years. Sundarbans tigers are the most divergent group of Bengal tigers, and ecologically non-exchangeable with other tiger populations, and thus should be managed as a separate "evolutionarily significant unit" (ESU) following the adaptive evolutionary conservation (AEC) concept.Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun (India)

Cyber-Attacks in IoT-enabled Cyber-physical Systems

Cyber physical systems (CPS) that are Internet of Things (IoT) enabled might be difficult to secure since security measures designed for general data / value through the development (IT / OT) systems may not work as well in a CPS environment. Consequently, this research provides a two-level ensemble attack detection and attribution framework created for CPS, and more particularly in an industrial control system (ICS). For identifying assaults in unbalanced ICS environments, a decision tree integrated to an unique ensemble deep representation learning model is created at the first extent. An ensemble deep neural network is created for assault features at the second level. Applying actual data collections from the gas pipeline and water treatment system, Findings show that the suggested type is more effective than other competing methods with a similar level of computational complexity

Synthesis, characterization and nuclease activity of copper(II), nickel(II), cobalt(II) and iron(II) complexes with oxime-thiosemicarbazones

1233-1238A novel ligand viz. l-phenyl- 1,2-propanedione-2-oxime thiosemicarbazone (PPDOT) has been synthesized and characterized. Complexes of copper(II), nickel(II), cobalt(II) and iron(II) with PPDOT have been synthesized and characterized by molar conductance, magnetic moments, electronic, IR and ESR spectroscopy. Electrochemical behaviour of these complexes is investigated by cyclic voltammetric studies. The nuclease activity of these complexes has been carried out on double stranded pBR 322 plasmid DNA by using gel electrophoresis experiments in absence and in the presence of oxidant (H2O2) . Metal complexes of diacetylmonoxime thiosemicarbazone (DAMOT) are also investigated for better compariso

Studies on crystallization process for pharmaceutical compounds using ANN modeling and model based control

Solvent selection and Controlling of operating parameters play a crucial role in batch cooling crystallization process. Choosing a best solvent for crystallization process involves more experimentation and time. To overcome this problem, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model technique is used to predict the carbamazepine form Ⅲ solubility by considering the thermodynamic properties of different solvents i.e. critical temperature, critical pressure, temperature, molecular weight, and acentric factor. The ANN model was trained and evaluated for solubility at various input data sets using experimental solubility data available in the literature. The ANN model with 20 hidden neurons has given the R2 value of 0.9943 which shows that the developed ANN model can be used for the selection of best solvent for batch crystallization process. Further, to determine the optimal cooling profile of batch cooling crystallization process, a multi-objective optimization problem is formulated by considering objectives as minimizing the coefficient of variation (CV) and maximizing the Number mean size (NMS) of crystals subjected to population balance equations using “method of moments” technique. Two types of temperature strategies i.e., piece-wise constant and piece-wise linear are developed and solved using NSGA-Ⅱ dynamic optimization procedure. The optimal NMS value attained through piece-wise linear strategy was 197.1 µm. This value has been increased by 28.3 µm from the nominal case (without optimization) and the coefficient of variation has decreased from 0.951 to 0.76. Further, optimal NMS value attained through piece-wise constant strategy was 205 µm. The value has been increased by 36.2 µm and the coefficient of variation has decreased from 0.951 to 0.73. This proves that the crystal attributes can be improved by optimal cooling temperature profile obtained by multi-objective optimization framework. For implementing the optimal cooling profile an advanced model-based control, i.e., Generic Model Control (GMC) was developed. It was observed that the GMC controller has the good tracking profile with no offset with/without disturbances and small value of root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0016 using piece-wise constant as set point temperature. Using piece-wise linear as set point temperature, the RMSE value was 0.0018. In particular, it is advantageous to operate the batch cooling crystallization process with piece-wise linear strategy for set point trajectory tracking problems

Characterization and nuclease activity of mixed ligand Ni(II) complexes

1661-1665Mixed ligand complexes having molecular formulae Ni(L)₂ (L')₂ [where LH = salicylaldoxime(SAO) or 2-hydroxy-acetophenone oxime (HAO); L' = pyridine or imidazole] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, UV-vis and IR spectra. The magnetic moment and UV data suggest square planar geometry for parent complexes and octahedral geometry for mixed ligand complexes. Electrochemical studies have been carried out by cyclic voltammetry. The active signals are assignable to the Niˡˡ′ˡ redox couple. Binding of metal complexes with calf thymus DNA is revealed by absorption spectrophotometry. The cleavage activity of complexes has been carried out on a double stranded pBR 322 circular plasmid DNA by using gel electrophoresis in the presence and in the absence of oxidant (H₂O₂)

PHM_Oct-Dec_11_3 march.pdf

Development and validation of a reverse phase-liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of butylated hydroxytoluene as antioxidant in paricalcitol hard gelatin capsule formulation dosage form Introduction: A novel and simple isocratic reverse phase liquid chromatographic (RP-LC) method was developed for the quantitative determination of antioxidantbutylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) in paricalcitol hard gelatin capsule. In the paricalcitol capsule BHT concentration is very low. This method is precisely able from paricalcitol main compound and other oil-based excipients. Materials and Methods: column with mobile phase containing a mixture of solvent A (water) and solvent B (methanol) in the ratio of 5:95 v/v, respectively. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min with column temperature of 45°C and detection wavelength at 277 nm. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision and robustness. Results: In the precision study the % RSD for the result of BHT was below 1.5% at target with the correlation coefficient greater than 0.999 and % bias at 100% level are within + 2%. The percentage recoveries for BHT were calculated observed from 98.8 to 104.8%. Conclusion: The developed method was found to be precise, accurate, linear, selective and robust