Spatial price integration and price transmission among major fish markets in India

The domestic fish marketing system in India deserves to be developed into a strong network of efficiently functioning markets, as more than three-fourths of the country’s total fish production is channellised domestically. With the unleashing of a new global economic order, the efficiency of markets needs to be dealt with utmost importance. The degree of spatial market integration and price transmission between the major coastal markets in India have been reported using monthly retail price data on important marine fish species. It has been observed that degree of integration and rate of price transmission differ according to species. The highest integration has been observed in mackerel, probably because of its affordability to all income classes, resulting in a wide consumer base. Among various markets, a near full transmission of prices has been observed between Kerala and Tamil Nadu markets, except in the case of shrimp. Even though a major landing centre, the price movement in Maharashtra market has been found independent of other markets. The spatial market integration between major shrimp markets in the country has appeared to be the least, possibly because of its greater market share outside the country. The study has suggested to devise strategies to bring about greater integration between these markets so that both fishermen and the fish-consuming community in the country are benefitted.Marketing,

Improving Search Rank by Optimizing TTFB

Now a days, everyone is in a great hurry and no one waits for turtles. Studies have shown that the search ranking are affected by how fast the web page loads. The simple logic behind this is “ A website which takes too much time to load provide poor user experience, today's user would quickly shift to next search result and you will end up loosing one“. The big search engine giant, Google search uses large number of parameters for determining search rankings which are mostly related to the content on your website, URL , social metrics, quality, quantity, SSL certificates, etc. In 2010, Google added one more factor in search ranking which is websites speed. TTFB (Time To First Byte) provides a clear way to determine how fast/slow there web page loads. Hence, here I'm focusing on improving website search engine ranking by applying various techniques to optimize TTF

Removal of turbidity from washing machine discharge using Strychnos potatorum seeds: Parameter optimization and mechanism prediction

In this research an attempt has been made to utilize the Strychnos potatorum seed powder as an environmentally friendly coagulant for the removal of turbidity from washing machine discharge. The performance of this system was also compared with synthetic water. Experimental studies were conducted for the maximum removal of turbidity from washing machine discharge and synthetic turbid water which were varied from 50 to 145 NTU. The effect of operating parameters such as initial turbidity, S. potatorum dosage and pH of the solution was optimized for the maximum removal of turbidity. It was seen that the percentage removal of turbidity lay was between 68-89% and 65-84% for synthetic turbid water and washing machine discharge sample respectively, at an ideal pH of 6-7. The experimental values were compared with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models to understand the extent of influence of the sorption of the particles onto the S. potatorum seed powder. Better results with respect to concordance of experimental data were observed with Langmuir isotherm model, indicating a monolayer sorption of particles onto the S. potatorum seed powder. It was observed from the isotherm study that the sorption may also be influenced in the removal of turbidity to some extent from the washing machine discharge and synthetic water. The prepared material can be effectively utilized for the removal of turbidity from the water

Modeling a IF double sampling bandpass switched capacitor ΣΔ ADC with a symmetric noise transfer function for WiMAX/WLAN

4G technology aims to revolutionize private and professional communication with its ubiquity and high-speed transmission (averaging 100Mbps). WiMAX and WLAN are two of the high speed access technologies to be used in the 4G mobile communication. Apropos to their high bandwidths, oversampling converters, e.g.ΣΔ ADCs, used for these standards would entail high levels of power consumption. Double sampling technique used in ΣΔ ADCs help in reducing the power consumption, since the actual sampling rate is only half the sampling frequency required to achieve a target resolution. But for conventional modulators, with low pass noise transfer functions (NTF), this benefit is hampered by the introduction of folded noise due to the mismatch of sampling capacitances. This paper presents a novel method of designing IF bandpass switched capacitor (SC)ΣΔ modulators with symmetric NTFs. Such a bandpass NTF is formulated with its center frequency at one-fourth the effective sampling frequency. The symmetricity ensures that the folded noise is `noise-shaped' along with the quantization noise. The idea is verified with a discrete time bandpass ΣΔ modulator modeled using Simulink®, including various nonlinearities, viz. clock jitter, opampnonidealities, and capacitive mismatch effects owing to double sampling and use of a multibitquantizer. Behavioral simulations of the proposed non-ideal model for WiMAX and WLAN, with a bandwith of 10MHz and 11MHz, respectively, achieved a peak resolution greater than 10 bits for each of the standards

Dynamics of Indian fresh mango export

Increasing integration of global markets after WTO has brought several changes in fresh mango export. The sustainability of exporters' income depends on acceptance of consignments by the importing countries who have established legally vetted system of safe import of food commodities. To adjust to these changes, the Indian system of export controls faltered to meet the standards of overseas markets. Adherence to safe export norms is sine qua non to have credible sustainable export. Visualizing the need to discern and quantify the direction of fresh mango export, time series data spanning from 1990-2012 was analysed. From the analysis, it can be concluded that domestic supply of mango is mainly driven by expansion of area rather than productivity. High standards of SPS measures of importing countries raised cost of compliance of safe export norms for which Indian exporters faced problems to adjust to these standards. These challenges need to overcome through generation of research based scientific knowledge for structuring food safety norms and policy alignment according to the changing global regulations. Policy options for streamlining diversified export are to encourage food testing laboratories to get accreditation from international agencies setting up world class food testing and inception infrastructure particularly in clusters with significant presence of exporters to encourage importing countries to set up office for certification of export consignments, and to strengthen prerequisite physical resources for safe export of fresh mango

STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ZnS NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED BY MICROWAVE IRRADIATION METHOD

ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized by Microwave assisted irradiation method. The obtained ZnS nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD characterization of the samples were taken which verify the crystalline form of the samples and also the average size of the nanocrystallites were measured by DebyeScherrer formula as per the XRD spectrum, which was found to be around 6 nm. The surface morphology of the ZnS nanocrystallites was taken by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The UV-Visible absorption spectra of the nanocrystallites were taken and the optical bandgap of the ZnS nanocrystals were found to be 3.76 eV

Fluidized Bed Drying of Wheatgrass: Effect of Temperature on Drying Kinetics, Proximate Composition, Functional Properties, and Antioxidant Activity

Wheatgrass is a valuable source of nutrients and phytochemicals with therapeutic properties. However, its shorter life span makes it unavailable for use. So, storage-stable products must be developed through processing in order to enhance its availability. Drying is a very important part of the processing of wheatgrass. Thus, in this study, the effect of fluidized bed drying on the proximate, antioxidant, and functional properties of wheatgrass was investigated. The wheatgrass was dried in a fluidized bed drier at different temperatures (50, 55, 60, 65, 70 °C) using a constant air velocity of 1 m/s. With increasing temperature, the moisture content was reduced at a faster rate, and all drying processes took place during the falling rate period. Eight mathematical models under thin layer drying were fitted into the moisture data and were evaluated. The Page model was the most effective in explaining the drying kinetics of wheatgrass, followed by the Logarithmic model. The R2, chi-square, and root mean squared value for Page model was 0.995465–0.999292, 0.000136–0.0002, and 0.013215–0.015058, respectively. The range of effective moisture diffusivity was 1.23–2.81 × 10−10 m2/s, and the activation energy was 34.53 kJ/mol. There was no significant difference in the proximate composition of was seen at different temperatures. The total phenolic content (117.16 ± 0.41–128.53 ± 0.55 mgGAE/g), antioxidant activity (33.56 ± 0.08–37.48 ± 0.08% (DPPH), and FRAP (1.372 ± 0.001–1.617 ± 0.001 mgAAE/g) increased with the rise in temperature. A significant increase was observed in functional properties, except for the rehydration ratio, which decreased with rising temperature. The current study suggests that fluidized bed drying improves the nutritional retention of wheatgrass with good antioxidant activity and functional properties that can be used to make functional foods.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ultrastructure of Sarcocystis bertrami sarcocysts from a naturally infected donkey (Equus asinus) from Egypt

There is considerable confusion concerning Sarcocystis species in equids. Little is known of Sarcocystis infections in donkeys (Equus asinus). Here we describe the structure of Sarcocystis bertrami-like from the donkey by light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Nineteen sarcocysts from the tongue of a donkey from Egypt were studied both by LM and TEM. By LM, all sarcocysts had variably shaped and sized projections on the sarcocyst walls, giving it a thin-walled to thick-walled appearance, depending on individual sarcocyst and plane of section. By TEM, sarcocysts walls had villar protrusions (vp) of type 11. The sarcocyst wall had conical to slender vp, up to 6 µm long and 1 µm wide; the vp were folded over the sarcocyst wall. The total thickness of the sarcocyst wall with ground substance layer (gs) was 1-3 µm. The vp had microtubules (mt) that originated deeper in the gs and continued up to the tip. The apical part of the vp had electron dense granules. The mt were configured into 3 types: a tuft of electron dense mt1 extending the entire length of the vp with a tuft of medium electron dense mt2 appearing in parallel, and fine mt3 present only in the villar tips. The gs was mainly smooth with few indistinct granules. All sarcocysts were mature and contained metrocytes and bradyzoites. Bradyzoites were approximately 11-15 × 2-3 µm in size with typical organelles.http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=PAR2016-07-30hb201