2,424 research outputs found
Magnetogravitational instability of anisotropic plasma with Hall effect
Magnetogravitational instability of anisotropic plasma with Hall effec
AmniSure: A Point of Care Diagnostic for Preterm, Term Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
Background: Accurate, early diagnosis, prompt appropriate intervention is essential in the management of rupture of membranes (ROM), especially preterm. Aim: The aim was to determine efficacy of AmniSure rapid immunoassay placental alpha‑microglobulin‑1 test for accurate diagnosis of true ROM in women with watery discharge after 28 weeks gestation, compare with conventional methods. Subjects and Methods: Study was carried out in women presenting with ROM to labor the room of referral rural medical institute in Central India after ethical approval. Prospective study was performed in women presenting with symptoms/signs of ROM after 28 weeks of gestation. Sterile speculum examination was performed to observe pooling of liquor. Nitrazine, ferning tests were done to diagnose ROM. Vaginal examination was performed to determine cervical dilatation, effacement, station of presenting part in term cases. If all or 2 of 3 tests (pooling, ferning, and nitrazine) were positive, provisional diagnosis of ROM was made. Confirmation of ROM was done at birth. However, if 2 of 3 tests were negative, sterile speculum examination was repeated after 30 min of the first test. Test performance was calculated by comparing AmniSure results against final diagnosis at birth. Of 200 patients between 28 and 42 weeks gestation recruited for study, 31.5% (63/200) were preterm, 68.5% (137/200) term. Statistical analysis of data collected in the electronic database using SPSS version (Amnisure International LLC, 30 JFK Street, 4th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA). Results: AmniSure rapid immunoassay, rapid method for diagnosis of ROM, has 100% specificity, 99.44% sensitivity (one false negative due to meconium and immediate cesarean section). Conclusion: In comparison to nitrazine, pooling, ferning, AmniSure has almost 100% sensitivity, specificity.Keywords: AmniSure, diagnosis, meconium, preterm, term rupture of membrane
High-fidelity adiabatic inversion of a electron spin qubit in natural silicon
The main limitation to the high-fidelity quantum control of spins in
semiconductors is the presence of strongly fluctuating fields arising from the
nuclear spin bath of the host material. We demonstrate here a substantial
improvement in single-qubit gate fidelities for an electron spin qubit bound to
a P atom in natural silicon, by applying adiabatic inversion instead of
narrow-band pulses. We achieve an inversion fidelity of 97%, and we observe
signatures in the spin resonance spectra and the spin coherence time that are
consistent with the presence of an additional exchange-coupled donor. This work
highlights the effectiveness of adiabatic inversion techniques for spin control
in fluctuating environments.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
The accuracy of haemoglobin A1c as a screening and diagnostic test for gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of test accuracy studies
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse pregnancy complications. Accurate screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes are critical to treatment, and in a pandemic scenario like coronavirus disease 2019 needing a simple test that minimises prolonged hospital stay. We undertook a meta-analysis on the screening and diagnostic accuracy of the haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test in women with and without risk factors for gestational diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS: Unlike the oral glucose tolerance test, the HbA1c test is simple, quick and more acceptable. There is a growing body of evidence on the accuracy of HbA1c as a screening and diagnostic test for GDM. We searched Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library and selected relevant studies. Accuracy data for different thresholds within the final 23 included studies (16 921 women) were pooled using a multiple thresholds model. Summary accuracy indices were estimated by selecting an optimal threshold that optimises either sensitivity or specificity according to different scenarios. SUMMARY: HbA1c is more useful as a specific test at a cut-off of 5.7% (39 mmol/mol) with a false positive rate of 10%, but should be supplemented by a more sensitive test to detect women with GDM
Bell's inequality violation with spins in silicon
Bell's theorem sets a boundary between the classical and quantum realms, by
providing a strict proof of the existence of entangled quantum states with no
classical counterpart. An experimental violation of Bell's inequality demands
simultaneously high fidelities in the preparation, manipulation and measurement
of multipartite quantum entangled states. For this reason the Bell signal has
been tagged as a single-number benchmark for the performance of quantum
computing devices. Here we demonstrate deterministic, on-demand generation of
two-qubit entangled states of the electron and the nuclear spin of a single
phosphorus atom embedded in a silicon nanoelectronic device. By sequentially
reading the electron and the nucleus, we show that these entangled states
violate the Bell/CHSH inequality with a Bell signal of 2.50(10). An even higher
value of 2.70(9) is obtained by mapping the parity of the two-qubit state onto
the nuclear spin, which allows for high-fidelity quantum non-demolition
measurement (QND) of the parity. Furthermore, we complement the Bell inequality
entanglement witness with full two-qubit state tomography exploiting QND
measurement, which reveals that our prepared states match the target maximally
entangled Bell states with 96\% fidelity. These experiments demonstrate
complete control of the two-qubit Hilbert space of a phosphorus atom, and show
that this system is able to maintain its simultaneously high initialization,
manipulation and measurement fidelities past the single-qubit regime.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, 4 extended data figure
Resistance to Adenovirally Induced Hyperleptinemia in Rats
Leptin regulates appetite and body weight via hypothalamic targets, but it can act directly on cultured pancreatic islets to regulate their fat metabolism. To obtain in vivo evidence that leptin may act peripherally as well as centrally, we compared the effect of adenovirally induced hyperleptinemia on food intake, body weight, and islet fat content in ventromedial hypothalamic-lesioned (VMHL) rats, shamlesioned (SL) controls, and Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats in which the leptin receptor is mutated. Infusion with recombinant adenovirus containing the rat leptin cDNA increased plasma leptin by z 20 ng/ml in VMHL and ZDF rats but had no effect on their food intake, body weight, or fat tissue weight. Caloric matching of hyperphagic VMHL rats to SL controls did not reduce their resistance to hyperleptinemia. Whereas prediabetic ZDF rats had a fourfold elevation in islet fat, in VMHL rats islet fat was normal and none of them became diabetic. Isolated islets from ZDF rats were completely resistant to the lipopenic action of leptin, while VMHL islets exhibited 50% of the normal response; caloric matching of VMHL rats to SL controls increased leptin responsiveness of their islets to 92% of controls. We conclude that leptin regulation of adipocyte fat requires an intact VMH but that islet fat content is regulated independently of the VMH. ( J. Clin. Invest. 1998. 102:728–733.
Resistance to Adenovirally Induced Hyperleptinemia in Rats
Leptin regulates appetite and body weight via hypothalamic targets, but it can act directly on cultured pancreatic islets to regulate their fat metabolism. To obtain in vivo evidence that leptin may act peripherally as well as centrally, we compared the effect of adenovirally induced hyperleptinemia on food intake, body weight, and islet fat content in ventromedial hypothalamic-lesioned (VMHL) rats, shamlesioned (SL) controls, and Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats in which the leptin receptor is mutated. Infusion with recombinant adenovirus containing the rat leptin cDNA increased plasma leptin by z 20 ng/ml in VMHL and ZDF rats but had no effect on their food intake, body weight, or fat tissue weight. Caloric matching of hyperphagic VMHL rats to SL controls did not reduce their resistance to hyperleptinemia. Whereas prediabetic ZDF rats had a fourfold elevation in islet fat, in VMHL rats islet fat was normal and none of them became diabetic. Isolated islets from ZDF rats were completely resistant to the lipopenic action of leptin, while VMHL islets exhibited 50% of the normal response; caloric matching of VMHL rats to SL controls increased leptin responsiveness of their islets to 92% of controls. We conclude that leptin regulation of adipocyte fat requires an intact VMH but that islet fat content is regulated independently of the VMH. ( J. Clin. Invest. 1998. 102:728–733.
The Nexus of Political Violence and Economic Deprivation: Pakistani Migrants Disrupt the Refugee / Migrant Dichotomy
There have been discussions about how the labels “forced migrants,” related to political violence, and “voluntary migrants,” associated with economic factors, cannot be understood in categorical ways. However, there has been less focus on the specificities of the asylum-migrant nexus from the perspective of migrants. This essay discusses how such factors intersect as understood by Pakistani migrants residing in Germany. Through enacting a critical view of Pakistan, the migrants demonstrate how aspects of corruption, economic deprivation, and political violence come to intersect so that is becomes impossible to classify asylum seekers in binary/dichotomous ways
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