Investigation on Photovoltaic Performance based on Matchstick-Like Cu2S–In2S3Heterostructure Nanocrystals and Polymer

In this paper, we synthesized a novel type II cuprous sulfide (Cu2S)–indium sulfide (In2S3) heterostructure nanocrystals with matchstick-like morphology in pure dodecanethiol. The photovoltaic properties of the heterostructure nanocrystals were investigated based on the blends of the nanocrystals and poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexoxy)-p-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV). In comparison with the photovoltaic properties of the blends of Cu2S or In2S3nanocrystals alone and MEH-PPV, the power conversion efficiency of the hybrid device based on blend of Cu2S–In2S3and MEH-PPV is enhanced by ~3–5 times. This improvement is consistent with the improved exciton dissociation or separation and better charge transport abilities in type II heterostructure nanocrystals

Seedless Pattern Growth of Quasi-Aligned ZnO Nanorod Arrays on Cover Glass Substrates in Solution

A hybrid technique for the selective growth of ZnO nanorod arrays on wanted areas of thin cover glass substrates was developed without the use of seed layer of ZnO. This method utilizes electron-beam lithography for pattern transfer on seedless substrate, followed by solution method for the bottom-up growth of ZnO nanorod arrays on the patterned substrates. The arrays of highly crystalline ZnO nanorods having diameter of 60 ± 10 nm and length of 750 ± 50 nm were selectively grown on different shape patterns and exhibited a remarkable uniformity in terms of diameter, length, and density. The room temperature cathodluminescence measurements showed a strong ultraviolet emission at 381 nm and broad visible emission at 585–610 nm were observed in the spectrum

Solar energy for sustainable development in developing countries

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Hybrid polymer / metal oxide thin films for photovoltaic applications

International audienc

Post-Processing Treatments in Hybrid Polymer/Titanium Dioxide Multilayer Solar Cells

We report on a study of post-processing treatments in hybrid solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) being in contact with nanocrystalline TiO2 films. The power conversion efficiency of the hybrid polymer/TiO2 solar cells is increased over three-fold through the simultaneous application of external bias voltage and UV illumination. These treatments enhance short-circuit current density, J(SC), from 1 mA/cm(2) to over 3 mA/cm(2) under simulated air mass (AM) 1.5 conditions (100 mW cm(-2)) and lead to a peak external quantum efficiency of over 16%. The AM 1.5 open circuit voltage reaches 0.47 V and the fill factor reaches 0.53, resulting in an overall power conversion efficiency of 0.74%. The improved performance following UV exposure is correlated to a slowing of over one order of magnitude in the dynamics of charge recombination as monitored by transient optical spectroscopy. We further demonstrate that while the UV radiation present in a simulated AM 1.5 solar spectrum is sufficient to cause the increase in the J(SC) and efficiency after two hours of exposure, no change results from exposure to the same spectrum when a UV blocking filter is used. We propose that UV exposure modifies the nature or density of surface trapping species in the nanocrystalline TiO2, resulting in reduced recombination rates and a higher efficiency of collection of photogenerated charges.The authors thank Prof. James Durrant, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, for permitting them to take transient absorption spectroscopic measurements in his laboratory. PR and JN thank the Royal Society for financial support of PR's academic visit to Imperial College London. We also thank the EPSRC Excitonic Supergen Programme (EP/G031088) and the EPSRC Materials for Energy Programme (EP/E036341/1) for financial support. PA acknowledges the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science for a post-doctoral fellowship.Ravirajan, P.; Atienzar Corvillo, PE.; Nelson, J. (2012). Post-Processing Treatments in Hybrid Polymer/Titanium Dioxide Multilayer Solar Cells. Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics. 7(5):498-502. doi:10.1166/jno.2012.1379S4985027

Perovskite Solar Cells: A Porous Graphitic Carbon based Hole Transporter/Counter Electrode Material Extracted from an Invasive Plant Species Eichhornia Crassipes

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) composed of organic polymer-based hole-transporting materials (HTMs) are considered to be an important strategy in improving the device performance, to compete with conventional solar cells. Yet the use of such expensive and unstable HTMs, together with hygroscopic perovskite structure remains a concern – an arguable aspect for the prospect of onsite photovoltaic (PV) application. Herein, we have demonstrated the sustainable fabrication of efficient and air-stable PSCs composed of an invasive plant (Eichhornia crassipes) extracted porous graphitic carbon (EC-GC) which plays a dual role as HTM/counter electrode. The changes in annealing temperature (~450 °C, ~850 °C and ~1000 °C) while extracting the EC-GC, made a significant impact on the degree of graphitization - a remarkable criterion in determining the device performance. Hence, the fabricated champion device-1c: Glass/FTO/c-TiO2/mp-TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3−xClx/EC-GC10@CH3NH3PbI3−x Clx/EC-GC10) exhibited a PCE of 8.52%. Surprisingly, the introduced EC-GC10 encapsulated perovskite interfacial layer at the perovskite/HTM interface helps in overcoming the moisture degradation of the hygroscopic perovskite layer in which the same champion device-1c evinced better air stability retaining its efficiency ~94.40% for 1000 hours. We believe that this present work on invasive plant extracted carbon playing a dual role, together as an interfacial layer may pave the way towards a reliable perovskite photovoltaic device at low-cost

Diverse antigen specificity of erythrocyte-reactive monoclonal autoantibodies from NZB mice

The specificities of a panel of erythrocyte-reactive MoAbs derived from NZB mice with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) were determined by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Of the eight antibodies, two (IgG1 MoAb 105-2H and IgG2a MoAb 34-3C) immunoprecipitated a 105-kD component identified as the erythrocyte anion channel band 3. A similar band was also immunoprecipitated by the IgG2b MoAb 34-2B when used at relatively high concentrations, but none of the remaining hybridoma antibodies precipitated any labelled erythrocyte components. In immunoblotting experiments only 34-2B reacted with band 3, indicating that the epitope recognized by this MoAb is robust and differs from the determinant(s) recognized by 105-2H and 34-3C. The remaining MoAbs to react by immunoblotting were the IgM antibodies IE10 and 4C8, both of which bound to a doublet corresponding to band 4.1 from the internal erythrocyte membrane skeleton. Of the three MoAbs which gave negative results in immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, the IgM antibodies 103-7E and 106-10E reacted poorly with intact erythrocytes by flow cytometry, but the IgG1 antibody 31-9D bound well. ELISAs demonstrated that all four IgM MoAbs are polyreactive, since they bound to histones from a panel of nuclear antigens, and additionally 103-7E reacted with phosphatidyl choline. It is concluded that band 3 is an important autoantigen in NZB AIHA. However, since 3/5 haemolytic MoAbs failed to participate this antigen, either these antibodies represent minor components of the total autoantibody response, or responses to diverse possibly non-protein surface antigens also contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease