67 research outputs found
Signatures of cosmic tau-neutrinos
The importance and signatures of cosmic tau--(anti)neutrinos have been
studied for upward-- and downward--going and hadronic shower
event rates relevant for present and future underground water or ice detectors,
utilizing the unique and reliable ultrasmall-- predictions of the dynamical
(radiative) parton model. The upward--going event rates
calculated just from cosmic fluxes are sizeably
enhanced by taking into account cosmic fluxes
and their associated fluxes as well. The coupled transport
equations for the upward--going flux traversing
the Earth imply an enhancement of the attenuated and regenerated
flux typically around GeV with respect
to the initial cosmic flux. This enhancement turns out to be smaller than
obtained so far, in particular for flatter initial cosmic fluxes behaving like
. Downward--going events and in particular the
background--free and unique hadronic `double bang' and `lollipop' events allow
to test downward--going cosmic fluxes up to
about GeV.Comment: 32 pages, 6 figures; Added reference
Intrinsic Superconductivity at 25 K in Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite
High resolution magnetoresistance data in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite
thin samples manifest non-homogenous superconductivity with critical
temperature K. These data exhibit: i) hysteretic loops of
resistance versus magnetic field similar to Josephson-coupled grains, ii)
quantum Andreev's resonances and iii) absence of the Schubnikov-de Haas
oscillations. The results indicate that graphite is a system with
non-percolative superconducting domains immersed in a semiconducting-like
matrix. As possible origin of the superconductivity in graphite we discuss
interior-gap superconductivity when two very different electronic masses are
present.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Quantum Andreev Oscillations in normal-superconducting-normal nanostructures
We show that the voltage drop of specially prepared
normal-superconducting-normal nanostructures show quantum Andreev oscillations
as a function of magnetic field or input current. These oscillations are due to
the interference of the electron wave function between the normal parts of the
structure that act as reflective interfaces, i.e. our devices behave as a
Fabry-Perot interferometer for conduction electrons. The observed oscillations
and field periods are well explained by theory.Comment: 5 pages and 4 figure
A fitting formula for the non-Gaussian contribution to the lensing power spectrum covariance
Weak gravitational lensing is one of the most promising tools to investigate
the equation-of-state of dark energy. In order to obtain reliable parameter
estimations for current and future experiments, a good theoretical
understanding of dark matter clustering is essential. Of particular interest is
the statistical precision to which weak lensing observables, such as cosmic
shear correlation functions, can be determined. We construct a fitting formula
for the non-Gaussian part of the covariance of the lensing power spectrum. The
Gaussian contribution to the covariance, which is proportional to the lensing
power spectrum squared, and optionally shape noise can be included easily by
adding their contributions. Starting from a canonical estimator for the
dimensionless lensing power spectrum, we model first the covariance in the halo
model approach including all four halo terms for one fiducial cosmology and
then fit two polynomials to the expression found. On large scales, we use a
first-order polynomial in the wave-numbers and dimensionless power spectra that
goes asymptotically towards for , i.e., the result for
the non-Gaussian part of the covariance using tree-level perturbation theory.
On the other hand, for small scales we employ a second-order polynomial in the
dimensionless power spectra for the fit. We obtain a fitting formula for the
non-Gaussian contribution of the convergence power spectrum covariance that is
accurate to 10% for the off-diagonal elements, and to 5% for the diagonal
elements, in the range and can be used for
single source redshifts in WMAP5-like cosmologies.Comment: 23 pages, 15 figures, submitted to A&
Ultrafast quantum key distribution using fully parallelized quantum channels
The field of quantum information processing offers secure communication
protected by the laws of quantum mechanics and is on the verge of finding wider
application for information transfer of sensitive data. To overcome the
obstacle of inadequate cost-efficiency, extensive research is being done on the
many components required for high data throughput using quantum key
distribution (QKD). Aiming for an application-oriented solution, we report on
the realization of a multichannel QKD system for plug-and-play high-bandwidth
secure communication at telecom wavelength. For this purpose, a rack-sized
multichannel superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) system, as
well as a highly parallelized time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC)
unit have been developed and linked to an FPGA-controlled QKD evaluation setup
allowing for continuous operation and achieving high secret key rates using a
coherent-one-way protocol.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure
New Platform Technology for Comprehensive Serological Diagnostics of Autoimmune Diseases
Antibody assessment is an essential part in the serological diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. However, different diagnostic strategies have been proposed for the work up of sera in particular from patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD). In general, screening for SARD-associated antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) is followed by confirmatory testing covering different assay techniques. Due to lacking automation, standardization, modern data management, and human bias in IIF screening, this two-stage approach has recently been challenged by multiplex techniques particularly in laboratories with high workload. However, detection of antinuclear antibodies by IIF is still recommended to be the gold standard method for antibody screening in sera from patients with suspected SARD. To address the limitations of IIF and to meet the demand for cost-efficient autoantibody screening, automated IIF methods employing novel pattern recognition algorithms for image analysis have been introduced recently. In this respect, the AKLIDES technology has been the first commercially available platform for automated interpretation of cell-based IIF testing and provides multiplexing by addressable microbead immunoassays for confirmatory testing. This paper gives an overview of recently published studies demonstrating the advantages of this new technology for SARD serology
Increased proteasome activator 28 gamma (PA28γ) levels are unspecific but correlate with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis
The ScaleX campaign: scale-crossing land-surface and boundary layer processes in the TERENO-preAlpine observatory
New perspectives on interdisciplinary earth science at the Dead Sea: The DESERVE project
The Dead Sea region has faced substantial environmental challenges in recent decades, including water resource scarcity, ~ 1 m annual decreases in the water level, sinkhole development, ascending-brine freshwater pollution, and seismic disturbance risks. Natural processes are significantly affected by human interference as well as by climate change and tectonic developments over the long term. To get a deep understanding of processes and their interactions, innovative scientific approaches that integrate disciplinary research and education are required. The research project DESERVE (Helmholtz Virtual Institute Dead Sea Research Venue) addresses these challenges in an interdisciplinary approach that includes geophysics, hydrology, and meteorology. The project is implemented by a consortium of scientific institutions in neighboring countries of the Dead Sea (Israel, Jordan, Palestine Territories) and participating German Helmholtz Centres (KIT, GFZ, UFZ). A new monitoring network of meteorological, hydrological, and seismic/geodynamic stations has been established, and extensive field research and numerical simulations have been undertaken. For the first time, innovative measurement and modeling techniques have been applied to the extreme conditions of the Dead Sea and its surroundings. The preliminary results show the potential of these methods. First time ever performed eddy covariance measurements give insight into the governing factors of Dead Sea evaporation. High-resolution bathymetric investigations reveal a strong correlation between submarine springs and neo-tectonic patterns. Based on detailed studies of stratigraphy and borehole information, the extension of the subsurface drainage basin of the Dead Sea is now reliably estimated. Originality has been achieved in monitoring flash floods in an arid basin at its outlet and simultaneously in tributaries, supplemented by spatio-temporal rainfall data. Low-altitude, high resolution photogrammetry, allied to satellite image analysis and to geophysical surveys (e.g. shear-wave reflections) has enabled a more detailed characterization of sinkhole morphology and temporal development and the possible subsurface controls thereon. All the above listed efforts and scientific results take place with the interdisciplinary education of young scientists. They are invited to attend joint thematic workshops and winter schools as well as to participate in field experiments
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