41 research outputs found
Performance of lactating dairy cattle housed in a four-row freestall barn equipped with three different cooling systems
Ninety-three multiparous Holstein cows averaging 130 days in milk (DIM) were utilized to evaluate three cooling treatments installed in separate pens of a four-row freestall barn in northeast Kansas during the summer of 1999. Treatments were: 1) a double row of 36-inch fans spaced at 24-ft intervals over the freestalls; 2) a single row of 36-inch fans spaced at 24-ft intervals over the freestalls and over the cow feed line; and 3) a double row of 36-inch fans spaced at 24-ft intervals over the freestalls and a single row over the feed line. Each pen was equipped with identical sprinkler systems over the cow feed line. The 85-day study evaluated milk production, body condition score, respiration rate, and feed intake of cows cooled with the systems. Cows cooled with fans over the freestalls and feed line produced more (P\u3c .05) milk (98.8 vs 93.9 lb/cow/day) than those cooled with fans only over the freestalls. Milk production was similar for cows cooled with fans over the freestalls and feed line, and doubling the number of fans over the freestalls had no apparent advantage. Cows in all treatments consumed similar amounts of feed, and those cooled only by fans over the freestalls tended to gain more body condition than cows in the other two treatments. Estimated increase in net income realized from using these cooling systems ranged from $3,500-6,100/year/pen.; Dairy Day, 1999, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1999
Performance of lactating dairy cattle housed in two-row freestall barns equipped with three different cooling systems
One hundred fifty-nine Holstein cows (66 primiparous and 93 multiparous) were assigned to each of three different cooling systems installed in two-row freestall barns on a northeast Kansas dairy. One barn was equipped with a row of five 48-inch fans mounted every 40 ft over the freestalls and a row of 10 36-inch fans mounted every 20 ft over the cow feed line. Another barn was equipped with five 48-inch fans mounted over the freestalls. Both of these barns were also equipped with identical sprinkler systems mounted over the feed line. The third barn was equipped with a row of five 48-inch fans mounted over the freestalls. In addition to the sprinklers over the feed line, additional sprinklers were mounted on the back alley of the third barn. Data were collected for an 85- day period to evaluate the three systems under heat stress during the summer of 1999. Cows cooled with these three systems produced similar amounts of milk and consumed nearly equal amounts of feed. Summer heat stress generally reduces milk production 20%, if cooling systems are not installed. Based on this estimated loss, these systems returned over $10,000/pen/year above ownership and operational cost. These results indicated that effective cooling in a two-row freestall barn includes a sprinkler system on the feed line and properly sized and spaced fans over the freestalls.; Dairy Day, 1999, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1999
Performance of lactating dairy cattle housed in two-row freestall barns equipped with three different cooling systems
One hundred fifty-nine Holstein cows (66
primiparous and 93 multiparous) were assigned
to each of three different cooling
systems installed in two-row freestall barns
on a northeast Kansas dairy. One barn was
equipped with a row of five 48-inch fans
mounted every 40 ft over the freestalls and a
row of 10 36-inch fans mounted every 20 ft
over the cow feed line. Another barn was
equipped with five 48-inch fans mounted over
the freestalls. Both of these barns were also
equipped with identical sprinkler systems
mounted over the feed line. The third barn
was equipped with a row of five 48-inch fans
mounted over the freestalls. In addition to
the sprinklers over the feed line, additional
sprinklers were mounted on the back alley of
the third barn. Data were collected for an 85-
day period to evaluate the three systems
under heat stress during the summer of 1999.
Cows cooled with these three systems produced
similar amounts of milk and consumed
nearly equal amounts of feed. Summer heat
stress generally reduces milk production
20%, if cooling systems are not installed.
Based on this estimated loss, these systems
returned over $10,000/pen/year above ownership
and operational cost. These results
indicated that effective cooling in a two-row
freestall barn includes a sprinkler system on
the feed line and properly sized and spaced
fans over the freestalls
Effects of Red-Cell Storage Duration on Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Some observational studies have reported that transfusion of red-cell units that have been stored for more than 2 to 3 weeks is associated with serious, even fatal, adverse events. Patients undergoingcardiac surgery may be especially vulnerable to the adverse effects of transfusion
Inhibition of protein synthesis in cell-free krebs ii ascites rib- osomal system by factor(s) from bone-marrow polysomes. Abstr.
Mouse pituitary tumor mrna directed cell-free synthesis of polypeptides that are cross-reactive with adrenocorticotropic hormone antiserum.
Performance of lactating dairy cattle housed in a four-row freestall barn equipped with three different cooling systems
Ninety-three multiparous Holstein cows
averaging 130 days in milk (DIM) were
utilized to evaluate three cooling treatments
installed in separate pens of a four-row freestall
barn in northeast Kansas during the
summer of 1999. Treatments were: 1) a
double row of 36-inch fans spaced at 24-ft
intervals over the freestalls; 2) a single row of
36-inch fans spaced at 24-ft intervals over the
freestalls and over the cow feed line; and 3) a
double row of 36-inch fans spaced at 24-ft
intervals over the freestalls and a single row
over the feed line. Each pen was equipped
with identical sprinkler systems over the cow
feed line. The 85-day study evaluated milk
production, body condition score, respiration
rate, and feed intake of cows cooled with the
systems. Cows cooled with fans over the
freestalls and feed line produced more (P<
.05) milk (98.8 vs 93.9 lb/cow/day) than
those cooled with fans only over the freestalls.
Milk production was similar for cows
cooled with fans over the freestalls and feed
line, and doubling the number of fans over the
freestalls had no apparent advantage. Cows
in all treatments consumed similar amounts of
feed, and those cooled only by fans over the
freestalls tended to gain more body condition
than cows in the other two treatments. Estimated
increase in net income realized from
using these cooling systems ranged from
$3,500-6,100/year/pen