Coherent lidars based on intracavity heterodyning of echo signals

The development and technical realization of the method of laser sounding of the atmosphere based on the effects of mixing of reference and external fields of scattering inside a laser cavity are presented. An approximate theory of the method was developed on the basis of the investigations using the model of a three-mirror laser. The nonlinear effect of a wideband laser on frequency-dependent external influences of the atmosphere was investigated. The field measurements of gaseous composition of the atmosphere were performed on the basis of a given method of coherent reception using a tunable CO2 laser

Superheavy Nuclei in the Relativistic Mean Field Theory

We have carried out a study of superheavy nuclei in the framework of the Relativistic Mean-Field theory. Relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov (RHB) calculations have been performed for nuclei with large proton and neutron numbers. A finite-range pairing force of Gogny type has been used in the RHB calculations. The ground-state properties of very heavy nuclei with atomic numbers Z=100-114 and neutron numbers N=154-190 have been obtained. The results show that in addition to N=184 the neutron numbers N=160 and N=166 exhibit an extra stability as compared to their neighbors. For the case of protons the atomic number Z=106 is shown to demonstrate a closed-shell behavior in the region of well deformed nuclei about N=160. The proton number Z=114 also indicates a shell closure. Indications for a doubly magic character at Z=106 and N=160 are observed. Implications of shell closures on a possible synthesis of superheavy nuclei are discussed.Comment: 29 pages Latex, 13 ps figures, to appear in Nucl. Phys.

Statistical properties of a free-electron laser revealed by the Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry

We present a comprehensive experimental analysis of statistical properties of the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) free-electron laser (FEL) FLASH at DESY in Hamburg by means of Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) interferometry. The experiments were performed at the FEL wavelengths of 5.5 nm, 13.4 nm, and 20.8 nm. We determined the 2-nd order intensity correlation function for all wavelengths and different operation conditions of FLASH. In all experiments a high degree of spatial coherence (above 50%) was obtained. Our analysis performed in spatial and spectral domains provided us with the independent measurements of an average pulse duration of the FEL that were below 60 fs. To explain complicated behaviour of the 2-nd order intensity correlation function we developed advanced theoretical model that includes the presence of multiple beams and external positional jitter of the FEL pulses. By this analysis we determined that in most experiments several beams were present in radiating field and in one of the experiments external positional jitter was about 25% of the beam size. We envision that methods developed in our study will be used widely for analysis and diagnostics of the FEL radiation.Comment: 29 pages, 14 figures, 3 table

Влияние сукцинатов на воспалительную реакцию: обзор литературы

АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ: Эндогенный сукцинат выступает как провоспалительный фактор, экзогенный сукцинат — как противовоспалительный. Механизмы влияния сукцинатов на воспалительную реакцию до конца не изучены. ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: Обобщение современной научной базы по применению экзогенного сукцината для подавления воспалительной реакции. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Для поиска статей использованы международные базы данных PubMed, Web Of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, eLibrary. Использованы запросы: «succinic acid», «amber acid», «inflammation», «meglumine sodium/solution». Поиск ограничен статьями, опубликованными в период с 2012 г. по декабрь 2022 г. Критерии включения: 1) исследования, посвященные изучению энергетического обеспечения клеток в условиях воспаления; 2) влияния сукцината на интенсивность воспалительного ответа за счет изменения энергетического обеспечения клетки; 3) корреляции энергетического обеспечения клетки с клинико-лабораторными показателями воспаления при применении сукцинатсодержащих препаратов; 4) оригинальные исследования. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Первоначальный идентификационный анализ включал более 200 опубликованных исследований. В результате проведенного скрининга в конечный обзор литературы были включены 84 полнотекстовые статьи, соответствующие критериям отбора: 31 обзор литературы, 24 из которых посвящены провоспалительным эффектам эндогенного сукцината, 7 — противовоспалительному эффекту экзогенного сукцината в составе сукцинатсодержащих препаратов, а также 53 оригинальные научные статьи: 27 статей посвящены изучению молекулярных механизмов эндогенного сукцината, 26 статей — изучению клинического применения сукцинатсодержащих препаратов. ВЫВОДЫ: Роль эндогенного сукцината определена как важнейшего провоспалительного фактора. Экзогенный сукцинат оказывает выраженное противовоспалительное действие, опосредованное нормализацией энергетического обеспечения иммунных клеток в условиях гипоксии. Не найдено исследований, посвященных различиям механизма действия эндогенного и экзогенного сукцината

Potential energy surfaces of superheavy nuclei

We investigate the structure of the potential energy surfaces of the superheavy nuclei 258Fm, 264Hs, (Z=112,N=166), (Z=114,N=184), and (Z=120,N=172) within the framework of self-consistent nuclear models, i.e. the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach and the relativistic mean-field model. We compare results obtained with one representative parametrisation of each model which is successful in describing superheavy nuclei. We find systematic changes as compared to the potential energy surfaces of heavy nuclei in the uranium region: there is no sufficiently stable fission isomer any more, the importance of triaxial configurations to lower the first barrier fades away, and asymmetric fission paths compete down to rather small deformation. Comparing the two models, it turns out that the relativistic mean-field model gives generally smaller fission barriers.Comment: 8 pages RevTeX, 6 figure

Anisotropic Magnetoconductance in Quench-Condensed Ultrathin Beryllium Films

Near the superconductor-insulator (S-I) transition, quench-condensed ultrathin Be films show a large magnetoconductance which is highly anisotropic in the direction of the applied field. Film conductance can drop as much as seven orders of magnitude in a weak perpendicular field (< 1 T), but is insensitive to a parallel field in the same field range. We believe that this negative magnetoconductance is due to the field de-phasing of the superconducting pair wavefunction. This idea enables us to extract the finite superconducting phase coherence length in nearly superconducting films. Our data indicate that this local phase coherence persists even in highly insulating films in the vicinity of the S-I transition.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure RevTex, Typos Correcte