Digitalisation of the flm industry in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

The structure of the flm industry has changed signifcantly over the past two years. The decline in cinema attendance, the activation of flm distribution on digital platforms, the decline in the level of flm production and other reasons have led to a transformation in the production and consumption of audiovisual content. The change of the main content customer has become an important trend in 2021. Online platforms have replaced production and television companies. Neither the personnel nor the infrastructure of the flm industry was ready for such a volume of orders for production from online cinemas. This caused a sharp rise in prices and an increase in the cost of flm production. The industry is actually in crisis. Based on the study, the authors concluded that today state pays quite a lot of attention to the issues of the digitalization of the flm industry. The study notes the strengthening of state control over digital video platforms, a change in the scheme of state fnancing of the industry, the allocation of large fnancial resources for the digitalization of video archives, the introduction of electronic document management in the feld of flm production, flm distribution, in the process of submitting flm copies to the archive, etc. The authors of the article offer a partial solution to one of the main current problems of the industry – the crisis of traditional cinema distribution with the strengthening of digital distribution. According to the study, the participation of the state can also help with it. For example, by strengthening state funding of audiovisual products intended for cinema rental, as well as strengthening support for cinemas in times of crisis

Role of Plant Carbonic Anhydrases under Stress Conditions

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are enzymes catalyzing the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide with the generation of protons and bicarbonate. The components of the reaction are involved in almost all metabolic processes in higher plants and algae, maintaining the balance of electrolytes and pH, gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, ethylene synthesis, and others. The CAs may take part in transmitting signals to activate cascades of protective response genes. Our findings reveal significant changes in the content of carbonic anhydrase gene transcripts in response to changes in environmental conditions. Here we discuss the functions of CAs located in the plasma membrane, chloroplast envelope, chloroplast stroma, and in thylakoids in plant protection under stress conditions, such as high illumination, low and high concentration of carbon dioxide in the environment, drought, and salinity

Time resolved study of recoil induced rotation by X ray pump X ray probe spectroscopy

Modern stationary X ray spectroscopy is unable to resolve rotational structure. In the present paper, we propose to use time resolved two color X ray pump probe spectroscopy with picosecond resolution for real time monitoring of the rotational dynamics induced by the recoil effect. The proposed technique consists of two steps. The first short pump X ray pulse ionizes the valence electron, which transfers angular momentum to the molecule. The second time delayed short probe X ray pulse resonantly excites a 1s electron to the created valence hole. Due to the recoil induced angular momentum the molecule rotates and changes the orientation of transition dipole moment of core excitation with respect to the transition dipole moment of the valence ionization, which results in a temporal modulation of the probe X ray absorption as a function of the delay time between the pulses. We developed an accurate theory of the X ray pump probe spectroscopy of the recoil induced rotation and study how the energy of the photoelectron and thermal dephasing affect the structure of the time dependent X ray absorption using the CO molecule as a case study. We also discuss the feasibility of experimental observation of our theoretical findings, opening new perspectives in studies of molecular rotational dynamic

Thermal structure in the Venus middle cloud layer

Thermal structure measurements obtained by the two Vega balloons show the Venus atmosphere in the middle cloud layer to be near-adiabatic, on the whole; but discrete air masses are present that differ slightly from one another in potential temperature and entropy. The Vega 1 temperatures are 6.5 K warmer than measured by Vega 2 at given pressures. Measurements taken by the Vega 2 lander on descent through these levels agree with the Vega 2 balloon data

Опыт применения препарата Амиксин для профилактики обострений хронической обструктивной болезни легких у пациентов трудоспособного возраста

The main cause of seeking for medical aid of COPD patients is exacerbations of the disease which have viral etiology in 30 % [3]. The aim of this study was to investigate efficacy of Amixin, which is an oral inductor of endogenous interferon, to prevent exacerbations of COPD. The study was performed at a large industrial works and involved 58 workers with COPD stage I or II aged 40 to 60. Of them, 38 workers received Amixin 0.125 weekly during 6 wks in winter outbreak of acute respiratory viral infections; 20 workers were as controls. Number and severity of exacerbations of COPD and changes in FEV1 during 4 months were analyzed. During the follow-up, 42.86 % of the Amixin group participants had no exacerbations of COPD, 57.14 % experienced mild exacerbations. There were no moderate and severe exacerbations in this group. Dyspnea severity was 0.7 according to the MRC scale, number of days off-work was 2.4 per a patient for the follow-up period. In the control group, 15 % of workers did not have exacerbations, the others had 1 or 2 moderate to severe exacerbations. Dyspnea severity was 2.5, number of days off-work was 7.25 per 1 patient. FEV1 has grown by 92 ml for 12 months in Amixin group patients. The administration of Amixin led to increase in secretory IgA level in saliva and reduction in total IgG level. Tolerability and safety of Amixin were good. Therefore, clinical efficacy of preventive administration of Amixin in COPD patients during an outbreak of acute respiratory viral infections was shown.Основной причиной обращения больных ХОБЛ за медицинской помощью является развитие обострений, которые в 30 % случаев имеют вирусную этиологию. Цель исследования – изучить эффективность амиксина, перорального индуктора эндогенного интерферона для профилактики обострений ХОБЛ. Исследование проведено в период зимнего подъема заболеваемости гриппом и другими острыми респираторными вирусными инфекциями (ОРВИ) на крупном промышленном предприятии с участием 58 больных ХОБЛ I и II стадии в возрасте от 40 до 60 лет. Основную группу составили 38 человек, которые получали Амиксин в период высокой заболеваемости ОРВИ (декабрь – январь) по 0,125 г 1 раз в нед. в течение 6 нед. В группу контроля были включены 20 человек с ХОБЛ I и II стадии. Оценивали число и тяжесть обострений, динамику ОФВ1 в течение 4 мес. В основной группе 42,86 % не имели обострений ХОБЛ, у 57,14 % были обострения легкой степени, обострения средней и тяжелой степени не наблюдались. Одышка составляла 0,7 балла по шкале MRC, число дней нетрудоспособности за период наблюдения составило 2,4 на 1 чел. В группе контроля 15 % рабочих не имели обострений, остальные за период наблюдения перенесли по 1-2 обострения средней и тяжелой степени. Одышка составляла 2,5 балла, число дней нетрудоспособности – 7,25 на 1 чел. В основной группе в течение 12 мес. ОФВ1 увеличился на 92 мл. Прием Амиксина вызывал увеличение количества секреторного IgА в слюне и снижение общего IgG. Переносимость и безопасность Амиксина были хорошими. Таким образом, подтверждена клиническая эффективность профилактического использования Амиксина в период высокой заболеваемости ОРВИ у больных ХОБЛ

The Inviscid Limit and Boundary Layers for Navier-Stokes Flows

The validity of the vanishing viscosity limit, that is, whether solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations modeling viscous incompressible flows converge to solutions of the Euler equations modeling inviscid incompressible flows as viscosity approaches zero, is one of the most fundamental issues in mathematical fluid mechanics. The problem is classified into two categories: the case when the physical boundary is absent, and the case when the physical boundary is present and the effect of the boundary layer becomes significant. The aim of this article is to review recent progress on the mathematical analysis of this problem in each category.Comment: To appear in "Handbook of Mathematical Analysis in Mechanics of Viscous Fluids", Y. Giga and A. Novotn\'y Ed., Springer. The final publication is available at http://www.springerlink.co

Nuclear dynamics in resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and X-ray absorption of methanol

We report on a combined theoretical and experimental study of core-excitation spectra of gas and liquid phase methanol as obtained with the use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). The electronic transitions are studied with computational methods that include strict and extended second-order algebraic diagrammatic construction [ADC(2) and ADC(2)-x], restricted active space second-order perturbation theory, and time-dependent density functional theory-providing a complete assignment of the near oxygen K-edge XAS. We show that multimode nuclear dynamics is of crucial importance for explaining the available experimental XAS and RIXS spectra. The multimode nuclear motion was considered in a recently developed "mixed representation" where dissociative states and highly excited vibrational modes are accurately treated with a time-dependent wave packet technique, while the remaining active vibrational modes are described using Franck-Condon amplitudes. Particular attention is paid to the polarization dependence of RIXS and the effects of the isotopic substitution on the RIXS profile in the case of dissociative core-excited states. Our approach predicts the splitting of the 2a RIXS peak to be due to an interplay between molecular and pseudo-atomic features arising in the course of transitions between dissociative core- and valence-excited states. The dynamical nature of the splitting of the 2a peak in RIXS of liquid methanol near pre-edge core excitation is shown. The theoretical results are in good agreement with our liquid phase measurements and gas phase experimental data available from the literature. (C) 2019 Author(s)

Culex pipiens development is greatly influenced by native bacteria and exogenous yeast

Culex pipiens is the most cosmopolitan mosquito of the Pipiens Assemblage. By studying the nature of interactions between this species and microorganisms common to its breeding environment we can unravel important pitfalls encountered during development. We tested the survival rate of larval stages, pupae and adults of a Cx. pipiens colony exposed to a variety of microorganisms in laboratory conditions and assessed the transmission to offspring (F1) by those organisms that secured development up to adulthood. Three complementary experiments were designed to: 1) explore the nutritional value of yeasts and other microorganisms during Cx. pipiens development; 2) elucidate the transstadial transmission of yeast to the host offspring; and 3) to examine the relevance of all these microorganisms in female choice for oviposition-substratum. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae proved to be the most nutritional diet, but despite showing the highest survival rates, vertical transmission to F1 was never confirmed. In addition, during the oviposition trials, none of the gravid females was attracted to the yeast substratum. Notably, the two native bacterial strains, Klebsiella sp. and Aeromonas sp., were the preferred oviposition media, the same two bacteria that managed to feed neonates until molting into 2nd instar larvae. Our results not only suggest that Klebsiella sp. or Aeromonas sp. serve as attractants for oviposition habitat selection, but also nurture the most fragile instar, L1, to assure molting into a more resilient stage, L2, while yeast proves to be the most supportive diet for completing development. These experiments unearthed survival traits that might be considered in the future development of strategies of Cx. pipiens control. These studies can be extended to other members of the Pipiens Assemblag

Computational genes: a tool for molecular diagnosis and therapy of aberrant mutational phenotype

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A finite state machine manipulating information-carrying DNA strands can be used to perform autonomous molecular-scale computations at the cellular level.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We propose a new finite state machine able to detect and correct aberrant molecular phenotype given by mutated genetic transcripts. The aberrant mutations trigger a cascade reaction: specific molecular markers as input are released and induce a spontaneous self-assembly of a wild type protein or peptide, while the mutational disease phenotype is silenced. We experimentally demostrated in <it>in vitro </it>translation system that a viable protein can be autonomously assembled.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our work demostrates the basic principles of computational genes and particularly, their potential to detect mutations, and as a response thereafter administer an output that suppresses the aberrant disease phenotype and/or restores the lost physiological function.</p