Intermediate range chemical ordering of cations in simple molten alkali halides

The presence of first sharp diffraction peaks in the partial structure factors is investigated in computer simulations of molten mixtures of alkali halides. An intermediate range ordering appears for the Li+ ions only, which is associated with clustering of this species and is not reflected in the arrangement of other ions. This ordering is surprising in view of the simplicity of the interionic interactions in alkali halides. The clustering reflects an incomplete mixing of the various species on a local length scale, which can be demonstrated by studying the complementary sub-space of cations in the corresponding pure alkali halides by means of a void analysis.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

The cytoplasmic domain of CD4 promotes the development of CD4 lineage T cells.

Thymocytes must bind major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins on thymic epithelial cells in order to mature into either CD8+ cytotoxic T cells or CD4+ helper T cells. Thymic precursors express both CD8 and CD4, and it has been suggested that the intracellular signals generated by CD8 or CD4 binding to class I or II MHC, respectively, might influence the fate of uncommitted cells. Here we test the notion that intracellular signaling by CD4 directs the development of thymocytes to a CD4 lineage. A hybrid protein consisting of the CD8 extracellular and transmembrane domains and the cytoplasmic domain of CD4 (CD884) should bind class I MHC but deliver a CD4 intracellular signal. We find that expression of a hybrid CD884 protein in thymocytes of transgenic mice leads to the development of large numbers of class I MHC-specific, CD4 lineage T cells. We discuss these results in terms of current models for CD4 and CD8 lineage commitment

High-pressure behaviour of GeO2: a simulation study

In this work we study the high pressure behaviour of liquid and glassy GeO2 by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The interaction potential, which includes dipole polarization effects, was parameterized from first-principles calculations. Our simulations reproduce the most recent experimental data to a high degree of precision. The proportion of the various GeOn polyhedra is determined as a function of the pressure: a smooth transition from tetrahedral to octahedral network is observed. Finally, the study of high-pressure, liquid germania confirms that this material presents an anomalous behaviour of the diffusivity as observed in analog systems such as silica and water. The importance of penta-coordinated germanium ions for such behaviour is stressed.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, accepted as a Fast Track Communication on Journal of Physics: Condensed Matte

Combining social network analysis and the NATO Approach Space to define agility. Topic 2: networks and networking

This paper takes the NATO SAS-050 Approach Space, a widely accepted model of command and control, and gives each of its primary axes a quantitative measure using social network analysis. This means that the actual point in the approach space adopted by real-life command and control organizations can be plotted along with the way in which that point varies over time and function. Part 1 of the paper presents the rationale behind this innovation and how it was subject to verification using theoretical data. Part 2 shows how the enhanced approach space was put to use in the context of a large scale military command post exercise. Agility is represented by the number of distinct areas in the approach space that the organization was able to occupy and there was a marked disparity between where the organization thought it should be and where it actually was, furthermore, agility varied across function. The humans in this particular scenario bestowed upon the organization the levels of agility that were observed, thus the findings are properly considered from a socio-technical perspective

Are the stars of a new class of variability detected in NGC~3766 fast rotating SPB stars?

A recent photometric survey in the NGC~3766 cluster led to the detection of stars presenting an unexpected variability. They lie in a region of the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram where no pulsation are theoretically expected, in between the $\delta$ Scuti and slowly pulsating B (SPB) star instability domains. Their variability periods, between $\sim$0.1--0.7~d, are outside the expected domains of these well-known pulsators. The NCG~3766 cluster is known to host fast rotating stars. Rotation can significantly affect the pulsation properties of stars and alter their apparent luminosity through gravity darkening. Therefore we inspect if the new variable stars could correspond to fast rotating SPB stars. We carry out instability and visibility analysis of SPB pulsation modes within the frame of the traditional approximation. The effects of gravity darkening on typical SPB models are next studied. We find that at the red border of the SPB instability strip, prograde sectoral (PS) modes are preferentially excited, with periods shifted in the 0.2--0.5~d range due to the Coriolis effect. These modes are best seen when the star is seen equator-on. For such inclinations, low-mass SPB models can appear fainter due to gravity darkening and as if they were located between the $\delta$~Scuti and SPB instability strips.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the IAU Symposium 307, New windows on massive stars: asteroseismology, interferometry, and spectropolarimetr

Slow flows of an relativistic perfect fluid in a static gravitational field

Relativistic hydrodynamics of an isentropic fluid in a gravitational field is considered as the particular example from the family of Lagrangian hydrodynamic-type systems which possess an infinite set of integrals of motion due to the symmetry of Lagrangian with respect to relabeling of fluid particle labels. Flows with fixed topology of the vorticity are investigated in quasi-static regime, when deviations of the space-time metric and the density of fluid from the corresponding equilibrium configuration are negligibly small. On the base of the variational principle for frozen-in vortex lines dynamics, the equation of motion for a thin relativistic vortex filament is derived in the local induction approximation.Comment: 4 pages, revtex, no figur

Potential implications of practice effects in Alzheimer's disease prevention trials.

IntroductionPractice effects (PEs) present a potential confound in clinical trials with cognitive outcomes. A single-blind placebo run-in design, with repeated cognitive outcome assessments before randomization to treatment, can minimize effects of practice on trial outcome.MethodsWe investigated the potential implications of PEs in Alzheimer's disease prevention trials using placebo arm data from the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study donepezil/vitamin E trial in mild cognitive impairment. Frequent ADAS-Cog measurements early in the trial allowed us to compare two competing trial designs: a 19-month trial with randomization after initial assessment, versus a 15-month trial with a 4-month single-blind placebo run-in and randomization after the second administration of the ADAS-Cog. Standard power calculations assuming a mixed-model repeated-measure analysis plan were used to calculate sample size requirements for a hypothetical future trial designed to detect a 50% slowing of cognitive decline.ResultsOn average, ADAS-Cog 13 scores improved at first follow-up, consistent with a PE and progressively worsened thereafter. The observed change for a 19-month trial (1.18 points) was substantively smaller than that for a 15-month trial with 4-month run-in (1.79 points). To detect a 50% slowing in progression under the standard design (i.e., a 0.59 point slowing), a future trial would require 3.4 times more subjects than would be required to detect the comparable percent slowing (i.e., 0.90 points) with the run-in design.DiscussionAssuming the improvement at first follow-up observed in this trial represents PEs, the rate of change from the second assessment forward is a more accurate representation of symptom progression in this population and is the appropriate reference point for describing treatment effects characterized as percent slowing of symptom progression; failure to accommodate this leads to an oversized clinical trial. We conclude that PEs are an important potential consideration when planning future trials

Run-time reconfigurable acceleration for genetic programming fitness evaluation in trading strategies

Genetic programming can be used to identify complex patterns in financial markets which may lead to more advanced trading strategies. However, the computationally intensive nature of genetic programming makes it difficult to apply to real world problems, particularly in real-time constrained scenarios. In this work we propose the use of Field Programmable Gate Array technology to accelerate the fitness evaluation step, one of the most computationally demanding operations in genetic programming. We propose to develop a fully-pipelined, mixed precision design using run-time reconfiguration to accelerate fitness evaluation. We show that run-time reconfiguration can reduce resource consumption by a factor of 2 compared to previous solutions on certain configurations. The proposed design is up to 22 times faster than an optimised, multithreaded software implementation while achieving comparable financial returns

COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE IN MANAGING MARINE ECOTOURISMS: A CASE STUDY AT KLAYAR BEACH, PACITAN REGENCY, INDONESIA

This study aims to analyze the collaborative governance process in ecotourism development at Klayar Beach, Pacitan. This study implies that the sustainability of the role of collaboration between the government and non-government must be carried out by looking at the aspects of building trust, and commitment, as well as understanding and mutual agreement with the sustainability goal of marine ecotourism being able to be carried out optimally. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The results showed that the dynamics of tourists visiting the Klayar Beach ecotourism destination continued to increase every year, even though there had been a decline due to the disaster. However, the government through a collaboration scheme has succeeded in rebuilding the tourism aspect through trust and commitment to development. Looking at future projections, local governments must prepare further strategies in the context of common understanding. In addition, today's progress, which has shown a positive local socio-economic impact with nature conservation that has been implemented, must be able to be maintained and continuously improved along with opportunities for increasing tourists in the future. The conclusion shows that collaboration by local government in Pacitan Regency and non-government in general has shown a positive impact, but it is necessary to pay attention to mutual understanding and agreement within the scope of harmony between implementing parties, considering challenges faced in multi-actor development. It is very complex and has the potential to become an obstacle in the process of development of Klayar Beach Ecotourism

Upper ocean mixing controls the seasonality of planktonic foraminifer fluxes and associated strength of the carbonate pump in the oligotrophic North Atlantic

Oligotrophic regions represent up to 75% of Earth's open-ocean environments. They are thus areas of major importance in understanding the plankton community dynamics and biogeochemical fluxes. Here we present fluxes of total planktonic foraminifera and 11 planktonic foraminifer species measured at the Oceanic Flux Program (OFP) time series site in the oligotrophic Sargasso Sea, subtropical western North Atlantic Ocean. Foraminifera flux was measured at 1500 m water depth, over two ~ 2.5-year intervals: 1998–2000 and 2007–2010. We find that foraminifera flux was closely correlated with total mass flux, carbonate and organic carbon fluxes. We show that the planktonic foraminifera flux increases approximately 5-fold during the winter–spring, contributing up to ~ 40% of the total carbonate flux. This was primarily driven by increased fluxes of deeper-dwelling globorotaliid species, which contributed up to 90% of the foraminiferal-derived carbonate during late winter–early spring. Interannual variability in total foraminifera flux, and in particular fluxes of the deep-dwelling species (Globorotalia truncatulinoides, Globorotalia hirsuta and Globorotalia inflata), was related to differences in seasonal mixed layer dynamics affecting the strength of the spring phytoplankton bloom and export flux, and by the passage of mesoscale eddies. As these heavily calcified, dense carbonate tests of deeper-dwelling species (3 times denser than surface dwellers) have greater sinking rates, this implies a high seasonality of the biological carbonate pump in oligotrophic oceanic regions. Our data suggest that climate cycles, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, which modulates nutrient supply into the euphotic zone and the strength of the spring bloom, may also in turn modulate the production and flux of these heavily calcified deep-dwelling foraminifera by increasing their food supply, thereby intensifying the biological carbonate pump