Constrained Dynamics of Universally Coupled Massive Spin 2-spin 0 Gravities

The 2-parameter family of massive variants of Einstein's gravity (on a Minkowski background) found by Ogievetsky and Polubarinov by excluding lower spins can also be derived using universal coupling. A Dirac-Bergmann constrained dynamics analysis seems not to have been presented for these theories, the Freund-Maheshwari-Schonberg special case, or any other massive gravity beyond the linear level treated by Marzban, Whiting and van Dam. Here the Dirac-Bergmann apparatus is applied to these theories. A few remarks are made on the question of positive energy. Being bimetric, massive gravities have a causality puzzle, but it appears soluble by the introduction and judicious use of gauge freedom.Comment: 6 pages; Talk given at QG05, Cala Gonone (Italy), September 200

Storm hazards '79: F-106B operations summary

Preliminary flight tests with a F-106B aircraft were made on the periphery of isolated thunder cells using weather radar support. In addition to storm hazards correlation research, a direct-strike lightning measurement experiment and an atmospheric chemistry experiment were conducted. Two flights were made to close proximity to lightning generating cumulonimbus clouds; however, no direct lightning strikes were experienced. Although no discernible lightning transients were recorded, many operational techniques were identified and established

Universally Coupled Massive Gravity

We derive Einstein's equations from a linear theory in flat space-time using free-field gauge invariance and universal coupling. The gravitational potential can be either covariant or contravariant and of almost any density weight. We adapt these results to yield universally coupled massive variants of Einstein's equations, yielding two one-parameter families of distinct theories with spin 2 and spin 0. The Freund-Maheshwari-Schonberg theory is therefore not the unique universally coupled massive generalization of Einstein's theory, although it is privileged in some respects. The theories we derive are a subset of those found by Ogievetsky and Polubarinov by other means. The question of positive energy, which continues to be discussed, might be addressed numerically in spherical symmetry. We briefly comment on the issue of causality with two observable metrics and the need for gauge freedom and address some criticisms by Padmanabhan of field derivations of Einstein-like equations along the way.Comment: Introduction notes resemblance between Einstein's discovery process and later field/spin 2 project; matches journal versio

"Now all I care about is my future" - supporting the shift: framework for the effective resettlement of young people leaving custody: a summary

This document has been produced as part of the Beyond Youth Custody (BYC) programme, funded under the Big Lottery Fund’s Youth in Focus initiative. BYC has been designed to challenge, advance and promote better thinking in policy and practice for the effective and sustainable resettlement of young people after custody. The programme has published research reports, policy briefings and practitioner guidance on a number of key issues in resettlement including diversity, young people with background trauma, girls and young women, and engaging young people; all resources are available for download at www.beyondyouthcustody.net. The new framework presented here – which draws on findings from across the programme – proposes, for the first time internationally, a ‘theory of change’ for the sustainable re-entry of young people. This reconceptualisation of resettlement enables a better understanding of why practices previously shown by research to improve recidivism rates are effective. Consequently, the framework provides a new focus for resettlement services’ aims and objectives, and may be particularly useful as a common language for the inter-agency working that we know is essential when supporting young people. The framework has been designed as a resource for policy makers, decision makers, academics studying youth justice and anyone working with young people leaving custody. A visual representation of the framework outlined in this document can be found on the centre pages. A full version of this report, which includes references and suggestions for further reading, can be found at: www.beyondyouthcustody.net/publications

Partial purification of human colonic carcinoma cells by sedimentation.

We have purified epithelial cells from human colonic tumours by velocity sedimentation in an isokinetic density gradient of Ficoll in tissue culture medium. In frozen sections of colonic carcinoma, histochemically demonstrable N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (HDAG) was observed primarily in epithelial cells. We used this enzyme as a histochemical marker of epithelial cells. Initial suspensions of cells from colonic tumours suspended with 0-25% trypsin contained an average of 24% of the nucleated cells with HDAG. In the purest fraction obtained from gradient centrifugations, an average of 74% of the nucleated cells contained HDAG. After centrifugation, the quarter of the density gradient which contained the most rapidly sedimenting cells was purified 2-4-fold over that in the initial suspension. Cells in this zone of the gradient also gave rise to colonies in soft agar. Cells from initial suspension resulted in 15-25% as many colonies of 7 or more cells in cultures inoculated with the same number of nucleated cells. For the most part, cells obtained from the other zones of the gradient did not give rise to colonies in soft agar

Selection for Field Survival Increases Freezing Tolerance in Festulolium

Festulolium (Festulolium braunii K.A.) is marginally adapted to the north central and northeastern USA and southern Canada. The purpose of this study was to evaluate four festulolium populations selected for field survival under harsh winter conditions for their freezing tolerance in controlled environments. Progenies of all four populations showed some improvement in freezing tolerance compared to their parents. Improvements were dependent on the temperature at which measurements were made and varied among germplasms. Improvements were manifested in both decreased plant mortality and decreased injury to surviving plants. Genetic variation for freezing tolerance appears to be a viable mechanism for enhancing field survival of festulolium

A dependent nominal type theory

Nominal abstract syntax is an approach to representing names and binding pioneered by Gabbay and Pitts. So far nominal techniques have mostly been studied using classical logic or model theory, not type theory. Nominal extensions to simple, dependent and ML-like polymorphic languages have been studied, but decidability and normalization results have only been established for simple nominal type theories. We present a LF-style dependent type theory extended with name-abstraction types, prove soundness and decidability of beta-eta-equivalence checking, discuss adequacy and canonical forms via an example, and discuss extensions such as dependently-typed recursion and induction principles