5,867 research outputs found
Galactic Potentials
The information contained in galactic rotation curves is examined under a
minimal set of assumptions. If emission occurs from stable circular geodesic
orbits of a static spherically symmetric field, with information propagated to
us along null geodesics, observed rotation curves determine galactic potentials
without specific reference to any metric theory of gravity. Given the
potential, the gravitational mass can be obtained by way of an anisotropy
function of this field. The gravitational mass and anisotropy function can be
solved for simultaneously in a Newtonian limit without specifying any specific
source. This procedure, based on a minimal set of assumptions, puts very strong
constraints on any model of the "dark matter".Comment: A somewhat longer form of the final version to appear in Physical
Review Letters.Clarification and further reference
Optomechanically induced transparency and cooling in thermally stable diamond microcavities
Diamond cavity optomechanical devices hold great promise for quantum
technology based on coherent coupling between photons, phonons and spins. These
devices benefit from the exceptional physical properties of diamond, including
its low mechanical dissipation and optical absorption. However the nanoscale
dimensions and mechanical isolation of these devices can make them susceptible
to thermo-optic instability when operating at the high intracavity field
strengths needed to realize coherent photon--phonon coupling. In this work, we
overcome these effects through engineering of the device geometry, enabling
operation with large photon numbers in a previously thermally unstable regime
of red-detuning. We demonstrate optomechanically induced transparency with
cooperativity > 1 and normal mode cooling from 300 K to 60 K, and predict that
these device will enable coherent optomechanical manipulation of diamond spin
systems
Gravitational Collapse of Dust with a Cosmological Constant
The recent analysis of Markovic and Shapiro on the effect of a cosmological
constant on the evolution of a spherically symmetric homogeneous dust ball is
extended to include the inhomogeneous and degenerate cases. The histories are
shown by way of effective potential and Penrose-Carter diagrams.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures (png), revtex. To appear in Phys. Rev.
Experimental and analytical investigation of dynamic characteristics of extension-twist-coupled composite tubular spars
The results from a study aimed at improving the dynamic and aerodynamic characteristics of composite rotor blades through the use of extension-twist coupling are presented. A set of extension-twist-coupled composite spars was manufactured with four plies of graphite-epoxy cloth prepreg. These spars were noncircular in cross-section design and were therefore subject to warping deformations. Three different cross-sectional geometries were developed: D-shape, square, and flattened ellipse. Three spars of each type were fabricated to assess the degree of repeatability in the manufacturing process of extension-twist-coupled structures. Results from free-free vibration tests of the spars were compared with results from normal modes and frequency analyses of companion shell-finite-element models. Five global modes were identified within the frequency range from 0 to 2000 Hz for each spar. The experimental results for only one D-shape spar could be determined, however, and agreed within 13.8 percent of the analytical results. Frequencies corresponding to the five global modes for the three square spars agreed within 9.5, 11.6, and 8.5 percent of the respective analytical results and for the three elliptical spars agreed within 4.9, 7.7, and 9.6 percent of the respective analytical results
Single-crystal diamond low-dissipation cavity optomechanics
Single-crystal diamond cavity optomechanical devices are a promising example
of a hybrid quantum system: by coupling mechanical resonances to both light and
electron spins, they can enable new ways for photons to control solid state
qubits. However, realizing cavity optomechanical devices from high quality
diamond chips has been an outstanding challenge. Here we demonstrate
single-crystal diamond cavity optomechanical devices that can enable
photon-phonon-spin coupling. Cavity optomechanical coupling to
frequency () mechanical resonances is observed. In room temperature
ambient conditions, these resonances have a record combination of low
dissipation (mechanical quality factor, ) and high
frequency, with sufficient
for room temperature single phonon coherence. The system exhibits high optical
quality factor () resonances at infrared and visible
wavelengths, is nearly sideband resolved, and exhibits optomechanical
cooperativity . The devices' potential for optomechanical control of
diamond electron spins is demonstrated through radiation pressure excitation of
mechanical self-oscillations whose 31 pm amplitude is predicted to provide 0.6
MHz coupling rates to diamond nitrogen vacancy center ground state transitions
(6 Hz / phonon), and stronger coupling rates to excited state
transitions.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
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