17,551 research outputs found
Electronic structure and chemical bonding of 3d-metal dimers ScX, X=Sc-Zn
The electronic and geometrical structures of the ground and excited states of the homonuclear Sc2, mixed ScTi, ScV, ScCr, ScMn, ScFe, ScCo, ScNi, ScCu, and ScZn 3d-metal dimers and their anions have been calculated using the density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation for the exchange-correlation potential. The ground states of the neutral dimers are found to be 5Σ−u (Sc2), 6Σ+ (ScTi), 7Σ+ (ScV), 4Σ+ (ScCr), 3Σ+ (ScMn), 2Δ(ScFe), 1Σ+ (ScCo), 2Σ+ (ScNi), 3Δ(ScCu), and 4Σ+ (ScZn). A natural bond analysis reveals an antiferrimagnetic spin coupling in the ground states of ScCr, ScMn, and ScFe. This is due to the electron transfer from Sc to the opposite atom and specific bond formations. While each dimer has a unique chemical bonding pattern, most curious is the localization of two 4s electrons at both atomic sites in the ground 5Σ−u state of Sc2, which leads to formation of two lone pairs and the bonding scheme: (3d+3d)3α(4s+4s)1β. No appreciable sd hybridization is found for the ground states of the ScX dimers except for ScNi. Even though the electron affinities of the ScX dimers are relatively low and do not exceed 1 eV, each ScX− (except ScCo−) possesses at least two states stable towards detachment of an extra electron
Nonlinear Interactions Between Gravitational Radiation and Modified Alfven Modes in Astrophysical Dusty Plasmas
We present an investigation of nonlinear interactions between Gravitational
Radiation and modified Alfv\'{e}n modes in astrophysical dusty plasmas.
Assuming that stationary charged dust grains form neutralizing background in an
electron-ion-dust plasma, we obtain the three wave coupling coefficients, and
calculate the growth rates for parametrically coupled gravitational radiation
and modified Alfv\'{e}n-Rao modes. The threshold value of the gravitational
wave amplitude associated with convective stabilization is particularly small
if the gravitational frequency is close to twice the modified Alfv\'en
wave-frequency. The implication of our results to astrophysical dusty plasmas
is discussed.Comment: A few typos corrected. Published in Phys. Rev.
Peculiarities and variations in the optical spectrum of the post-AGB star V448Lac=IRAS22223+4327
Repeated observations with high spectral resolution acquired in 1998-2008 are
used to study the temporal behavior of the spectral line profiles and velocity
field in the atmosphere and circumstellar envelope of the post-AGB star
V448Lac. Asymmetry of the profiles of the strongest absorption lines with
low-level excitation potentials less 1eV and time variations of these profiles
have been detected, most prominently the profiles of the resonance lines of
BaII, YII, LaII, SiII. The peculiarity of these profiles can be explained using
a superposition of stellar absorption line and shell emission lines. Emission
in the (0;1) 5635A Swan band of the C2 molecule has been detected in the
spectrum of V448Lac for the first time. The core of the Halpha line displays
radial velocity variations with an amplitude ~8 km/s. Radial velocity
variations displayed by weakest metallic lines with lower amplitudes, 1-2 km/s,
may be due to atmospheric pulsations. Differential line shifts, 0 -- 8 km/s,
have been detected on various dates. The position of the molecular spectrum is
stationary in time, indicating a constant expansion velocity of the
circumstellar shell, Vexp=15.2 km/s, as derived from the C2 and NaI lines.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl
Soluble proteins and isoenzymes from seeds of diverse male steriles of sorghum, (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)
A comparison of soluble protein, esterase, GDH and ADH isoenzyme patterns in seeds of different steriles, maintainers and restorer lines exhibited similarities as well as differences. Soluble protein patterns from sterile and maintainer lines differed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Based on the esterase patterns, male steriles with different cytoplasms could be separated into three groups (i) Ck 60A and B; Nagpur A and B, (ii) M 35-1A and 1 B, M 31-2A and 2B, (iii) G1A and B, VZM2A and 2B. Each group could further be differentiated on the basis of minor differences in esterase isoenzyme patterns within each group. ADH and GDH patterns in general were similar in both sterile and maintainer lines
BOBMEX: the Bay of Bengal monsoon experiment
The first observational experiment under the Indian Climate Research Programme, called the Bay of Bengal Monsoon Experiment (BOBMEX), was carried out during July-August 1999. BOBMEX was aimed at measurements of important variables of the atmosphere, ocean, and their interface to gain deeper insight into some of the processes that govern the variability of organized convection over the bay. Simultaneous time series observations were carried out in the northern and southern Bay of Bengal from ships and moored buoys. About 80 scientists from 15 different institutions in India collaborated during BOBMEX to make observations in most-hostile conditions of the raging monsoon. In this paper, the objectives and the design of BOBMEX are described and some initial results presented. During the BOBMEX field phase there were several active spells of convection over the bay, separated by weak spells. Observation with high-resolution radiosondes, launched for the first time over the northern bay, showed that the magnitudes of the convective available potential energy (CAPE) and the convective inhibition energy were comparable to those for the atmosphere over the west Pacific warm pool. CAPE decreased by 2-3 kJ kg-1 following convection, and recovered in a time period of 1-2 days. The surface wind speed was generally higher than 8 m s-1. The thermohaline structure as well as its time evolution during the BOBMEX field phase were found to be different in the northern bay than in the southern bay. Over both the regions, the SST decreased during rain events and increased in cloud-free conditions. Over the season as a whole, the upper-layer salinity decreased for the north bay and increased for the south bay. The variation in SST during 1999 was found to be of smaller amplitude than in 1998. Further analysis of the surface fluxes and currents is expected to give insight into the nature of coupling
Amino acids in anthers of Milo and in cytoplasmic genetic male sterile sorghums (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) of Indian origin
Amino acid composition of proteins from anthers of milo and Indian origin male steriles were determined. Comparison of amino acid between A and B lines showed lower contents of histidine, threonine, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine and phenylalanine and higher contents of alanine, serine, proline and tyrosine in line A compared to line B. Alanine content in anthers of A lines was more than two fold higher than that in the anthers from B lines. Marked differences in amino acid composition of anthers of A and B lines are suggestive of their involvement in male sterility. Cytoplasmic male steriles of Indian origin M35-1A and M31-2A showed greater similarity but differed from milo, VZM2A and B
Hysteresis loops of Co-Pt perpendicular magnetic multilayers
We develop a phenomenological model to study magnetic hysteresis in two
samples designed as possible perpendicular recording media. A stochastic
cellular automata model captures cooperative behavior in the nucleation of
magnetic domains. We show how this simple model turns broad hysteresis loops
into loops with sharp drops like those observed in these samples, and explains
their unusual features. We also present, and experimentally verify, predictions
of this model, and suggest how insights from this model may apply more
generally.Comment: 4.5 pages, 5 figure
Farmers' perception on plant protection in India and Nepal: a case study
Participatory rural appraisal was undertaken in 70 villages in India and Nepal, covering 1185 farmers to generate baseline information on the current plant protection practices. The study revealed that 93% of the farmers in India and 90% in Nepal had adopted chemical control for the management of various insect pests in different crops; however, less than 20% of the farmers expressed confidence on their efficacy. In India, 52% of farmers get their plant protection advice from pesticide dealers, while in Nepal, the majority of the farmers (69%) make their plant protection decisions through agricultural officers. A majority of the farmers (73% in India and 86% in Nepal) initiate the plant protection based on the first appearance of the pest, irrespective of their population, crop stage and their damage relationships. About 50% of the farmers in India and 20% in Nepal were not using any protective clothing while spraying. Health problems associated with the application of plant protection chemicals were reported by farmers. The cost of plant protection on various crops ranged from 7 to 40% of the total crop production cost. Though integrated pest management (IPM) has been advocated for the past two decades, only 32% in India and 20% in Nepal were aware of IPM practices. IPM implementation in selected villages brought a 20-65% reduction in pesticide use in different crops. The vegetable samples analysed for pesticide residues revealed the presence of residues
Esters of petroselinic acid containing Trachyspermum copticum seed oil: Potential industrial lubricant base stocks
126-134Trachyspermum copticum seed oil contains volatile oil rich in thymol, which is distilled out and used for medicinal and aromatic formulations. The seed powder after removal of the volatiles loses its importance. However, the fixed oil being rich in unsaturation with petroselinic acid (18:1, Δ6; 68.3%) and linoleic acid (18:2; 25.3%) is used for preparing biolubricant base stocks. Methyl, isopropyl and 2-ethyl hexyl esters of the oil have been converted to epoxides, followed by in situ hydroxylation and acylation using hexanoic and butyric anhydrides. The acylated products have been evaluated for lubricant properties, and are found to exhibit density (0.91-0.97 g/cc); viscosity of 23.5-27.3 cSt at 40°C and 4.85-5.33 cSt at 100°C. The values are comparable to jatropha acylated products. The products exhibited good copper corrosion resistance value of ‘1a’ and high flash points of 230-242°C. The acylated esters with good weld load behavior, and lower wear and pour point values and viscosity indices, 128.84-138.94, can be potential base stocks belonging to group III category lubricants with ISO VG Grade about 22. These products can be further explored for the preparation of hydraulic, metal working and other industrial fluid formulations
An analysis of ultraviolet spectra of Extreme Helium Stars and new clues to their origins
Abundances of about 18 elements including the heavy elements Y and Zr are
determined from Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph
ultraviolet spectra of seven extreme helium stars (EHes): LSE 78, BD+10 2179,
V1920 Cyg, HD 124448, PV Tel, LS IV -1 2, and FQ Aqr. New optical spectra of
the three stars -- BD+10 2179, V1920 Cyg, and HD 124448 were analysed. The
abundance analyses is done using LTE line formation and LTE model atmospheres
especially constructed for these EHe stars. The stellar parameters derived from
an EHe's UV spectrum are in satisfactory agreement with those derived from its
optical spectrum. Adopted abundances for the seven EHes are from a combination
of the UV and optical analyses. Published results for an additional ten EHes
provide abundances obtained in a nearly uniform manner for a total of 17 EHes,
the largest sample on record. The initial metallicity of an EHe is indicated by
the abundance of elements from Al to Ni; Fe is adopted to be the representative
of initial metallicity. Iron abundances range from approximately solar to about
one-hundredth of solar. Clues to EHe evolution are contained within the H, He,
C, N, O, Y, and Zr abundances. Two novel results are (i) the O abundance for
some stars is close to the predicted initial abundance yet the N abundance
indicates almost complete conversion of initial C, N, and O to N by the
CNO-cycles; (ii) three of the seven stars with UV spectra show a strong
enhancement of Y and Zr attributable to an s-process. The observed compositions
are discussed in light of expectations from accretion of a He white dwarf by a
CO white dwarf.Comment: 126 pages, 15 figures, 20 Tables, accepted for publication in the Ap
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