Social aspects of migrants’ adaptation in Russia in the digital economy

The state, due to its socio-economic nature, must regulate and control the most important social processes. Migration is an important part of these processes, since the attraction of additional labor resources will give a certain impetus to the sustainable development of the country and ensure long-term economic growth. However, the implementation of migration policy is associated with a whole range of problems. The problems of social and digital adaptation of migrants, social and territorial disunity are among them. Added to this is the lack of effective interaction between public authorities and municipalities with civil society institutions, as well as the presence of a clear bias in ensuring equal opportunities in obtaining public services, depending on the level of income, migration status and other factors. The weak role of civil institutions in social and cultural adaptation and the language barrier also exacerbate the situation. The dominance of unskilled personnel in the structure of migration flows aggravates their digital adaptation. The digitalisation of many processes could have a signifcant impact in solving these problems. With its help, an effective institutional environment would gradually form. This article examines the social aspects of migrants’ adaptation in the context of digitalization. In the course of the research, the author conducted a comprehensive analysis, including observations, expert interviews and analysis of regulatory documents. The paper considers various aspects of the adaptation of migrants within the framework of political, socio-economic, psychological, national and demographic problems. As the study showed, in the context of digitalization it is necessary to form a fundamentally new institutional environment in the feld of adaptation of migrants in the host country. A qualitatively different regulatory framework, new institutions that harmonize the interests of the state, civil society, business and migrants should become a part of this environment

Assessment of the reliability of the locomotive based on statistical methods of quality management

The lack of reliability of the diesel locomotive operation leads to a decrease in the technical and economic efficiency of using the locomotive service of the enterprise. During the experiment which aimed at assessing the reliability of repair and maintenance of a diesel locomotive in one of the railway divisions of OJSC "Russian Railways", it was found that the failures may be distributed by types of equipment, based on the failures for 12 months of 2017. Statistical quality management methods were used to identify the most problematic types of locomotive equipment and specific causes of failures. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

The market of vocational professional education in Russia in the new economic conditions

Since the end of 2014, the Russian economy has undergone major changes. The crisis continued until 2018, followed by stabilization and short-term growth in 2018-2019. The emerging positive trends were interrupted by the pandemic. All this has had a signifcant impact on the vocational professional eduation market, both in quantitative and structural terms. The modern world is changing too fast, it is necessary to form the creative potential of a person. The article states that specialists’ adaptation mechanisms to new conditions should change with the help of advanced training, obtaining new knowledge and skills in all forms of education, including the system of vocational professional education. This means that the market of educational services formed by state, departmental and corporate educational institutions must respond to the demands of the economy and consumers of these services. Such advanced technologies and methods as online studying should be used along with and in combination with ofine classes. The conducted research has shown that large corporations allocate signifcant funds for the training and retraining of specialists corresponding to the level of technological development, capable of making effective management decisions. The authors of the article note that in the system of vocational professional education consumers of educational services are most interested in training programs related to management, marketing, information and computer technologies, which is quite consistent with the digital economy and the knowledge econom

Indicators of Pasture Digression in Steppe Ecosystems of Mongolia

The research shows that widely used key measures of vegetation structure (species diversity, projected cover and above-ground phytomass) are not always suitable as indicators of pasture degradation. Based on an analysis above-ground phytomass composition, new quantitative indices are offered that give a more realistic picture of rangeland condition in Mongolia

Azimuthal and polar anchoring energies of aligning layers structured by nonlinear laser lithography

In spite of the fact that there are different techniques in the creation of the high-quality liquid crystals (LCs) alignment by means of various surfaces, the azimuthal and polar anchoring energies as well as the pre-tilt angle are important parameters to all of them. Here, the modified by a certain manner aligning layers, previously formed by nonlinear laser lithography (NLL), having high-quality nano-periodic grooves on Ti surfaces, recently proposed for LC alignment was studied. The change of the scanning speed of NLL in the process of nano-structured Ti surfaces and their further modification by means of ITO-coating, and deposition of polyimide film has enabled different aligning layers, whose main characteristics, namely azimuthal and polar anchoring energies, were measured. For the modified aligning layers, the dependencies of the twist and pre-tilt angles for LC cells filled by nematic E7 ({\Delta}{\epsilon} > 0) and MLC-6609 ({\Delta}{\epsilon} < 0) were obtained. Also the contact angle for droplets of isotropic liquid (glycerol), and nematic LCs was measured for the various values of the scanning speed during the laser processing.Comment: 49 pages, 18 figure

Acute kidney injury in patients with pneumonia with A/H1N1 influenza

Background. A critical condition of any genesis may be accompanied by the development of multiple organ failure, one of the manifestations of which is acute renal injury. Often, the process is subclinical in nature and the «classical» approaches to diagnose renal damage by creatinine concentration, urea level and assessment of glomerular filtration rate may not fully reflect the degree of impaired renal function, while acute kidney injury is a well-known predictor of high hospital mortality among critically ill patients.Aims. The purpose of this study was to assess functional state of the kidneysby determining the serum concentration of the markers of kidney injury  NGAL and Cystatin C in patients with pneumonia associated with influenza A/H1N1.Materials and methods. 85 patients with pneumonia associated with influenza A/H1N1 were examined, 30 patients with severe pneumonia, 55 with non-severe pneumonia. The control group was formed by 15 healthy donors. The serum concentration of NGAL and Cystatin C molecules was determined by flow cytometry on a Beckman Coulter analyzer (USA), using a Human Immune Checkpoint Panel 1 multiplex assay kit (Biolegend, USA). The glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the CKD-EPI formula.Results. It was found that in patients with severe pneumonia with the influenza A/H1N1, the concentration of NGAL increased 3.8 times compared with the control group, the concentration of Cystatin C increased 1.4 times, the glomerular filtration rate did not change.Conclusion. Timely diagnosis of subclinical kidney injury makes it possible to  objectify the severity of the condition, make adjustments to therapy, which can help to an increase in the survival rate of critically ill patients

Активность системы негативной регуляции Т-клеточного ответа PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 у больных пневмониями на фоне гриппа A/H1N1

Systemic inflammation is an integral pathophysiological component of many critical illnesses. The systemic inflammatory response is based on a cascade of interactions leading to hypercytokinemia and, as a consequence, multiple organ failure, which is one of the main causes of mortality in intensive care units.Aim of the study. To evaluate the activity of the negative regulation system of T-cell response by determining the plasma levels of PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 molecules in pneumonia patients with influenza A (H1N1).Materials and methods. 85 patients with pneumonia and underlying influenza A (H1N1) were examined. Among them there were 30 patients with severe pneumonia, and 55 patients with non-severe pneumonia. Plasma levels of PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2 molecules was determined by flow cytofluorometry method.Results. In patients with severe pneumonia and underlying influenza A (H1N1), the plasma level of PD-1 receptor increased 4.6-fold, while the concentration of its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 increased 10.6 and 2.2-fold, respectively.Conclusion. Significant increase in levels of PD-1 and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 in patients with pneumonia and underlying influenza A (H1N1) indicates the involvement of negative regulation system of T-cell response in the cascade of immunological reactions and is associated with the severe disease. Possible correction of immune reactions realized through PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 complex in critically ill patients is a promising research avenue.Системное воспаление является неотъемлемой патофизиологической составляющей многих критических состояний. В основе системного воспалительного ответа лежит каскад взаимодействий, приводящий к гиперцитокинемии, и, как следствие, к полиорганной недостаточности, которая является одной из основных причин летальности в отделениях интенсивной терапии.Цель работы. Оценить активность системы негативной регуляции Т-клеточного ответа, определив плазменную концентрацию молекул PD-1, PD-L1 и PD-L2 у больных пневмониями на фоне гриппа A/H1N1.Материалы и методы. Обследовали 85 больных пневмонией на фоне гриппа A/H1N1. Из них 30 пациентов с тяжелой пневмонией, 55 — с нетяжелой пневмонией. Методом проточной цитофлуометрии определяли плазменную концентрацию молекул PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2.Результаты. Установили, что у больных тяжелой пневмонией на фоне гриппа A/H1N1 плазменная концентрация рецептора PD-1 повышалась в 4,6 раза, при этом концентрация его лигандов PD-L1 и PD-L2 увеличивалась в 10,6 и в 2,2 раза, соответственно.Заключение. Статистически значимое увеличение концентрации PD-1 и его лигандов PD-L1 и PD-L2 у больных пневмонией на фоне гриппа A/H1N1 свидетельствует о вовлечении в каскад иммунологических реакций системы негативной регуляции Т-клеточного ответа и ассоциировано с тяжестью состояния. Возможная коррекция иммунных реакций, реализуемых через комплекс PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 у пациентов в критическом состоянии — это перспективное научное направление

Use of opportunities of social networks in forming the image of a medical organization

The article presents the content audit results of twenty-five healthcare organization profiles on Instagram. With benchmarking, the model of a valid Instagram account for medical organizations was created, recommendations for its management were developed. Having an account in social networks was noted as essential for the formation of a healthcare provider's positive image.В статье представлены результаты аудита контента страниц 25 медицинских организаций в социальной сети Instagram. На основе принципа бенчмаркетинга была создана модель эффективного Instagram-аккаунта для медицинских организаций, разработаны рекомендации по его ведению. Отмечена значимость наличия аккаунта в социальной сети для формирования позитивного имиджа медицинской организации

Analysis of incidence in the child population on the example of two polyclinics in the city of Yekaterinburg

The purpose of the study is to study the structure of the primary and general morbidity of the leading nosological forms characteristic of the region.Цель исследования – изучить структуру первичной и общей заболеваемости ведущих нозологических форм, характерных для области

The capabilities of an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field application in the oncopathology treatment

The findings of investigation of high-level extremely low frequency pulse alternate electromagnetic field inadequate local exposure on the spontaneous malignant tumors of the nonpedigreed dogs' mammary glands are presented. The applied conditions have provided selective exposure with malignant tumors medical pathomorphism of the 1 -2 rates without appreciable structural changes in healthy tissues for certain.Представлены результаты исследования неадекватного локального воздействия высокоинтенсивного инфранизкочастотного импульсного знакопеременного электромагнитного поля на спонтанные злокачественные новообразования молочных желёз беспородных собак. Использованные режимы достоверно обеспечили избирательное воздействие на опухоли с лечебным патоморфозом I - II степени без заметных структурных изменений в здоровых тканях