17,297 research outputs found
Three-body spin-orbit forces from chiral two-pion exchange
Using chiral perturbation theory, we calculate the density-dependent
spin-orbit coupling generated by the two-pion exchange three-nucleon
interaction involving virtual -isobar excitation. From the
corresponding three-loop Hartree and Fock diagrams we obtain an isoscalar
spin-orbit strength which amounts at nuclear matter
saturation density to about half of the empirical value of MeVfm. The
associated isovector spin-orbit strength comes out about a
factor of 20 smaller. Interestingly, this three-body spin-orbit coupling is not
a relativistic effect but independent of the nucleon mass . Furthermore, we
calculate the three-body spin-orbit coupling generated by two-pion exchange on
the basis of the most general chiral -contact interaction. We find
similar (numerical) results for the isoscalar and isovector spin-orbit
strengths and with a strong dominance of
the p-wave part of the -contact interaction and the Hartree
contribution.Comment: 8 pages, 4figure, published in : Physical Review C68, 054001 (2003
Scattering of terrestrial kilometric radiation at very high altitudes
On a number of occasions during the 3.8 yr. operating lifetime of RAE-2, strong terrestrial kilometric radiation was observed when the spacecraft was over the far side of the moon and when the low altitude terrestrial magnetosphere was completely obscured from view. If these deep lunar occultation events are used to infer radio source locations, then it is found that the apparent source must sometimes be situated at geocentric distances of 10 to 40 sub E or more. From an analysis of these events, it is shown that they are probably due to propagation effects rather than the actual generation of the emission at such large distances. The kilometric radiation can be generated near the earth at auroral latitudes and subsequently strongly scattered in the magnetosheath and nearby solar wind to produce the large apparent distances. The most likely scatterers are density inhomogeneities in the magnetosheath plasma and ion plasma waves in the magnetosheath and the upstream solar wind
Radiative corrections to neutral pion-pair production
We calculate the one-photon loop radiative corrections to the neutral
pion-pair photoproduction process . At leading
order this reaction is governed by the chiral pion-pion interaction. Since the
chiral contact-vertex depends only on the final-state
invariant-mass it factors out of all photon-loop diagrams. We give analytical
expressions for the multiplicative correction factor
arising from eight classes of contributing one-photon loop diagrams. An
electromagnetic counterterm has to be included in order to cancel the
ultraviolet divergences generated by the photon-loops. Infrared finiteness of
the virtual radiative corrections is achieved (in the standard way) by
including soft photon radiation below an energy cut-off . The
radiative corrections to the total cross section vary between and
for center-of-mass energies from threshold up to . The finite part of
the electromagnetic counterterm gives an additional constant contribution of
about , however with a large uncertainty.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Eur. Phys. J.
Nuclear energy density functional from chiral pion-nucleon dynamics: Isovector terms
We extend a recent calculation of the nuclear energy density functional in
the framework of chiral perturbation theory by computing the isovector surface
and spin-orbit terms: (\vec \nabla \rho_p- \vec \nabla \rho_n)^2 G_d(\rho)+
(\vec \nabla \rho_p- \vec \nabla \rho_n)\cdot(\vec J_p-\vec J_n)
G_{so(\rho)+(\vec J_p-\vec J_n)^2 G_J(\rho) pertaining to different proton and
neutron densities. Our calculation treats systematically the effects from
-exchange, iterated -exchange, and irreducible -exchange with
intermediate -isobar excitations, including Pauli-blocking corrections
up to three-loop order. Using an improved density-matrix expansion, we obtain
results for the strength functions , and
which are considerably larger than those of phenomenological Skyrme forces.
These (parameter-free) predictions for the strength of the isovector surface
and spin-orbit terms as provided by the long-range pion-exchange dynamics in
the nuclear medium should be examined in nuclear structure calculations at
large neutron excess.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
Wavelets and Quantum Algebras
Wavelets, known to be useful in non-linear multi-scale processes and in
multi-resolution analysis, are shown to have a q-deformed algebraic structure.
The translation and dilation operators of the theory associate with any scaling
equation a non-linear, two parameter algebra. This structure can be mapped onto
the quantum group in one limit, and approaches a Fourier series
generating algebra, in another limit. A duality between any scaling function
and its corresponding non-linear algebra is obtained. Examples for the Haar and
B-wavelets are worked out in detail.Comment: 27 pages Latex, 3 figure p
The time-evolution of bias
We study the evolution of the bias factor b and the mass-galaxy correlation
coefficient r in a simple analytic model for galaxy formation and the
gravitational growth of clustering. The model shows that b and r can be
strongly time-dependent, but tend to approach unity even if galaxy formation
never ends as the gravitational growth of clustering debiases the older
galaxies. The presence of random fluctuations in the sites of galaxy formation
relative to the mass distribution can cause large and rapidly falling bias
values at high redshift.Comment: 4 pages, with 2 figures included. Typos corrected to match published
ApJL version. Color figure and links at http://www.sns.ias.edu/~max/bias.html
or from [email protected]
Nuclear energy density functional from chiral pion-nucleon dynamics: Isovector spin-orbit terms
We extend a recent calculation of the nuclear energy density functional in
the systematic framework of chiral perturbation theory by computing the
isovector spin-orbit terms: . The calculation
includes the one-pion exchange Fock diagram and the iterated one-pion exchange
Hartree and Fock diagrams. From these few leading order contributions in the
small momentum expansion one obtains already a good equation of state of
isospin-symmetric nuclear matter. We find that the parameterfree results for
the (density-dependent) strength functions and agree
fairly well with that of phenomenological Skyrme forces for densities . At very low densities a strong variation of the strength functions
and with density sets in. This has to do with chiral
singularities and the presence of two competing small mass scales
and . The novel density dependencies of and
as predicted by our parameterfree (leading order) calculation should
be examined in nuclear structure calculations.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure, published in: Physical Review C68, 014323 (2003
The source of Saturn electrostatic discharges: Atmospheric storms
Important properties of the recently discovered Saturn electrostatic discharges are entirely consistent with an extended lightning storm system in Saturn's atmosphere. The presently favored B-ring location is ruled out
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