Dust remobilization in fusion plasmas under steady state conditions

The first combined experimental and theoretical studies of dust remobilization by plasma forces are reported. The main theoretical aspects of remobilization in fusion devices under steady state conditions are analyzed. In particular, the dominant role of adhesive forces is highlighted and generic remobilization conditions - direct lift-up, sliding, rolling - are formulated. A novel experimental technique is proposed, based on controlled adhesion of dust grains on tungsten samples combined with detailed mapping of the dust deposition profile prior and post plasma exposure. Proof-of-principle experiments in the TEXTOR tokamak and the EXTRAP-T2R reversed-field pinch are presented. The versatile environment of the linear device Pilot-PSI allowed for experiments with different magnetic field topologies and varying plasma conditions that were complemented with camera observations.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, 3 table

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ РАЗМЕЩЕНИЯ ОБЪЕКТОВ С УЧЕТОМ ИХ РЕПЛИКАЦИЙ НА УЗЛАХ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕННОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

Предлагается модель размещения объектов на узлах распределенной системы, учитывающаявведение репликаций, параметры объектов и потоков запросов к объектам, характеристики каналов передачи данных и узлов обработки запросов. Формулируется оптимизационная задача распределения объектов на узлах, предлагается алгоритм наискорейшего спуска решения задачи. Проводятся эксперименты, выявляющие закономерности и тренды в изменении параметров функционирования оптимизированной системы

Аналоги соматостатина в лечении кастрационно-резистентного рака предстательной железы: эффективность и переносимость

Castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is one of the most complex and currently completely unsolved problems of oncourology. Possible novel treatment of CRPC is administration of Octreotide Long, long-acting somatostatin analogue.In this paper we have shown an experience of treatment with Octreotide Long 30 mg and dexamethasone in 69 CRPC patients from February 2014 to March 2016. We have assessed an efficacy and safety of the therapy. Age of patients ranged from 56 to 89 years, all patients had continued androgen deprivation. Response to the treatment was assessed clinically by the following factors: change in the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in serum, dynamics of indicators of general and biochemical blood tests, the level of pain syndrome and improvement in the patient’s quality of life. Total response to reduction and stabilization of PSA level was achieved in 70.9 % of patients. In general, the best results were observed in the group of patients treated with Octreotide Long before first-line chemotherapy with docetaxel. Tolerability of Octreotide Long in combination with dexamethasone in all cases was good. No significant side effects – neither hematological, nor clinical were noted. We also did not register any cases of drug discontinuation due to its intolerance. Одной из наиболее сложных и окончательно не решенных проблем онкоурологии в настоящее время является кастрационно-резистентный рак предстательной железы (КРРПЖ). Возможное направление в его лечении – назначение аналога соматостатина пролонгированного действия Октреотида-лонг.В настоящей работе представлен опыт лечения Октреотидом-лонг 30 мг и дексаметазоном 69 пациентов с КРРПЖ с февраля 2014 г. по март 2016 г., проведена оценка эффективности и безопасности терапии. Возраст пациентов варьировал от 56 до 89 лет, у всех продолжалась андрогенная депривация в постоянном режиме. Ответ на лечение оценивали клинически: по изменению уровня простатического специфического антигена (ПСА) сыворотки крови, динамике показателей общего и биохимического анализов крови, уровню болевого синдрома и улучшению качества жизни пациента. Суммарный ответ по снижению и стабилизации уровня ПСА был достигнут у 70,9 % больных, в целом лучшие результаты наблюдались в группе пациентов, получавших Октреотид-лонг до химиотерапии 1-й линии доцетакселом. Переносимость Октреотида-лонг в комбинации с дексаметазоном во всех случаях была хорошая. Значимых побочных эффектов, как гематологических, так и клинических, не отмечено. Не зарегистрировано отмены препарата из-за непереносимости.

Получение полых полуфабрикатов изделий из медных сплавов электротехнического назначения способом винтовой прокатки

The article proposes a process for obtaining semi-finished products in the form of pipes made of copper alloys for electrical applications using the screw rolling method. The paper presents the results of experimental piercing and rolling of pipe samples made of Cu–0.75Cr copper alloy billets with a diameter of 45 mm. The 43.5×10.0 mm samples obtained after piercing using a two-roll screw rolling mill had exact geometrical dimensions: outer diameter deviation at the front end was up to 1 %, at the back end – up to 2.4 %; relative variation in wall thickness at the front end was 0.3÷0.5 %, at the rear end – 0.5÷1.0 %. Then pierced pipe samples were rolled using a three-roll radial-shear rolling (RSR) mini mill with a different total degree of reduction – samples were obtained with an outer diameter of 30, 25 and 18 mm. The reduction process was analyzed from the point of view of internal hole stability and deformation. In case of 30 % relative reduction of the outer diameter, rolling without a mandrel is accompanied by wall thickening. In this case, inner diameter deviations are within acceptable limits. The experiments on obtaining samples from the Cu–0.75Cr alloy by screw piercing and reduction in the RSR mill show that this scheme can be implemented in principle in industry. At the same time it is necessary to define more exactly deformation parameters (degree of deformation, choice of reduction scheme) to obtain a quality product. Various options for heat treatment (HT) of the obtained pipe samples and the effect of the HT method on electrical conductivity and hardness are considered. Samples after piercing had a conductivity of 59.3 % IACS. The maximum electrical conductivity of 76.7 % IACS was obtained on samples after quenching from a temperature of 1020 °C and aging at 450 °C for 3 h. The results of the work show the fundamental possibility of obtaining semi-finished products from copper alloys for electrical purposes using the screw rolling method.Предложен способ получения полуфабрикатов в виде труб из медных сплавов электротехнического назначения методом винтовой прокатки. Представлены результаты экспериментальной прошивки и прокатки образцов труб из заготовок медного сплава Cu–0,75Cr диаметром 45 мм. Полученные образцы размером 43,5×10,0 мм после прошивки в двухвалковом стане винтовой прокатки имели точные геометрические размеры: отклонение по наружному диаметру на переднем конце – до 1 %, на заднем конце – до 2,4 %, относительная поперечная разностенность на переднем конце составила 0,3÷0,5 %, на заднем конце – 0,5÷1,0 %. Далее прошитые образцы труб были прокатаны на трехвалковом министане радиально-сдвиговой прокатки (РСП) с разной суммарной степенью обжатия – получены образцы с наружным диаметром 30, 25 и 18 мм. Процесс редуцирования проанализирован с точки зрения стабильности и формоизменения внутреннего отверстия. При относительном обжатии наружного диаметра на 30 % прокатка без оправки сопровождается увеличением толщины стенки. При этом отклонения внутреннего диаметра находятся в допустимых пределах. Проведенные эксперименты по получению образцов из сплава Cu–0,75Cr способом винтовой прошивки и редуцирования в стане РСП показывают, что данная схема может быть принципиально реализована в промышленности. В то же время для получения качественного продукта необходимо уточнение параметров деформации (степени деформации, выбора схемы редуцирования). Рассмотрены различные варианты термообработки (ТО) полученных образцов труб и влияние способа ТО на электропроводность и твердость. Образцы после прошивки имели электропроводность 59,3 % IACS. Максимальная электропроводность 76,7 % IACS получена на образцах после закалки с температуры 1020 °С и старения при 450 °С в течение 3 ч. Результаты работы показывают принципиальную возможность получения полуфабрикатов изделий из медных сплавов электротехнического назначения способом винтовой прокатки

Cold War : a Transnational Approach to a Global Heritage

Although within living memory, many countries now consider their surviving Cold War architecture as part of their heritage. It can even be a priority for heritage managers given that significant buildings are often suitable for reuse while extensive ‘brownfield’ sites such as airfields can be used for large-scale redevelopment. In a number of countries whose work we refer to here (notably the United Kingdom and elsewhere in Europe), agencies responsible for managing their country’s heritage have approached this priority by creating national inventories of sites and buildings with a view to taking informed decisions on their future. This paper presents the argument that the wider international context of the Cold War provides a more appropriate (or additional, higher-level) framework for such decision making. Such a ‘transnational’ approach would allow the comparison of similar (e.g. European) sites not merely within national borders but across the full extent of their western NATO1 deployment in Europe and North America. Taking this approach would also allow comparison with related sites in countries that formed part of the eastern-bloc Warsaw Pact.2 After outlining some examples of how national agencies have approached their Cold War heritage, this paper presents the four stages of this transnational approach making provision for an improved understanding and management of Cold War heritage sites wherever they occur. With a specific focus on the direct comparison between England and Russia, and also referring to sites surviving elsewhere within the former NATO and Warsaw Pact regions, as well as the United States, we argue that this four-stage approach: provides new understandings of a complex archaeological and architectural record; gives fresh perspectives on significance; and (importantly in a time of geopolitical instability) does so in a spirit of cooperation and friendship

Somatostatin analogs in the treatment of castrate-resistant prostate cancer: efficacy and tolerability

Castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is one of the most complex and currently completely unsolved problems of oncourology. Possible novel treatment of CRPC is administration of Octreotide Long, long-acting somatostatin analogue.In this paper we have shown an experience of treatment with Octreotide Long 30 mg and dexamethasone in 69 CRPC patients from February 2014 to March 2016. We have assessed an efficacy and safety of the therapy. Age of patients ranged from 56 to 89 years, all patients had continued androgen deprivation. Response to the treatment was assessed clinically by the following factors: change in the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in serum, dynamics of indicators of general and biochemical blood tests, the level of pain syndrome and improvement in the patient’s quality of life. Total response to reduction and stabilization of PSA level was achieved in 70.9 % of patients. In general, the best results were observed in the group of patients treated with Octreotide Long before first-line chemotherapy with docetaxel. Tolerability of Octreotide Long in combination with dexamethasone in all cases was good. No significant side effects – neither hematological, nor clinical were noted. We also did not register any cases of drug discontinuation due to its intolerance

AUTOMATION OF MORPHOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS FOR PLANETARY SURFACE ANALYSIS AND CARTOGRAPHY

For automation of measurements of morphometric parameters of surface relief various tools were developed and integrated into GIS. We have created a tool, which calculates statistical characteristics of the surface: interquartile range of heights, and slopes, as well as second derivatives of height fields as measures of topographic roughness. Other tools were created for morphological studies of craters. One of them allows automatic placing of topographic profiles through the geometric center of a crater. Another tool was developed for calculation of small crater depths and shape estimation, using C++ programming language. Additionally, we have prepared tool for calculating volumes of relief features from DTM rasters. The created software modules and models will be available in a new developed web-GIS system, operating in distributed cloud environment