1,334 research outputs found
Supersymmetric quantum cosmological billiards
D=11 Supergravity near a space-like singularity admits a cosmological
billiard description based on the hyperbolic Kac-Moody group E10. The
quantization of this system via the supersymmetry constraint is shown to lead
to wavefunctions involving automorphic (Maass wave) forms under the modular
group W^+(E10)=PSL(2,O) with Dirichlet boundary conditions on the billiard
domain. A general inequality for the Laplace eigenvalues of these automorphic
forms implies that the wave function of the universe is generically complex and
always tends to zero when approaching the initial singularity. We discuss
possible implications of this result for the question of singularity resolution
in quantum cosmology and comment on the differences with other approaches.Comment: 4 pages. v2: Added ref. Version to be published in PR
Evidence for Distinct Components of the Galactic Stellar Halo from 838 RR Lyrae Stars Discovered in the LONEOS-I Survey
We present 838 ab-type RR Lyrae stars from the Lowell Observatory Near Earth
Objects Survey Phase I (LONEOS-I). These objects cover 1430 deg^2 and span
distances ranging from 3-30 kpc from the Galactic Center. Object selection is
based on phased, photometric data with 28-50 epochs. We use this large sample
to explore the bulk properties of the stellar halo, including the spatial
distribution. The period-amplitude distribution of this sample shows that the
majority of these RR Lyrae stars resemble Oosterhoff type I, but there is a
significant fraction (26 %) which have longer periods and appear to be
Oosterhoff type II. We find that the radial distributions of these two
populations have significantly different profiles (rho_{OoI} ~ R^(-2.26 +-
0.07) and rho_{OoII} ~ R^(-2.88 +- 0.11). This suggests that the stellar halo
was formed by at least two distinct accretion processes and supports dual-halo
models.Comment: 18 pages, 28 figures, apjemulated, minor corrections and
clarifications. Accepted to ApJ on Jan 21, 200
Bilingually motivated word segmentation for statistical machine translation
We introduce a bilingually motivated word segmentation approach to languages where word boundaries are not orthographically marked, with application to Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation (PB-SMT). Our approach is motivated from the insight that PB-SMT systems can be improved by optimizing the input representation to reduce the predictive power of translation models. We firstly present an approach to optimize the existing segmentation of both source and target languages for PB-SMT and demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach using a
Chinese–English MT task, that is, to measure the influence of the segmentation on the performance of PB-SMT systems. We report a 5.44% relative increase in Bleu score and a consistent increase according to other metrics. We then generalize this method for Chinese word segmentation without relying on any segmenters and show that using our segmentation PB-SMT can achieve more consistent state-of-the-art performance across two domains. There are two main
advantages of our approach. First of all, it is adapted to the specific translation task at hand by taking the corresponding source (target) language into account. Second, this approach does not rely on manually segmented training data so that it can be automatically adapted for different domains
Antigen-specific precursor frequency impacts T cell proliferation, differentiation, and requirement for costimulation
After a brief period of antigenic stimulation, T cells become committed to a program of autonomous expansion and differentiation. We investigated the role of antigen-specific T cell precursor frequency as a possible cell-extrinsic factor impacting T cell programming in a model of allogeneic tissue transplantation. Using an adoptive transfer system to incrementally raise the precursor frequency of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, we found that donor-reactive T cells primed at low frequency exhibited increased cellular division, decreased development of multifunctional effector activity, and an increased requirement for CD28- and CD154-mediated costimulation relative to those primed at high frequency. The results demonstrated that recipients with low CD4+ and CD8+ donor-reactive T cell frequencies exhibited long-term skin graft survival upon CD28/CD154 blockade, whereas simultaneously raising the frequency of CD4+ T cells to ∼0.5% and CD8+ T cells to ∼5% precipitated graft rejection despite CD28/CD154 blockade. Antigenic rechallenge of equal numbers of cells stimulated at high or low frequency revealed that cells retained an imprint of the frequency at which they were primed. These results demonstrate a critical role for initial precursor frequency in determining the CD8+ T cell requirement for CD28- and CD154-mediated costimulatory signals during graft rejection
Relativistic Wavepackets in Classically Chaotic Quantum Cosmological Billiards
Close to a spacelike singularity, pure gravity and supergravity in four to
eleven spacetime dimensions admit a cosmological billiard description based on
hyperbolic Kac-Moody groups. We investigate the quantum cosmological billiards
of relativistic wavepackets towards the singularity, employing flat and
hyperbolic space descriptions for the quantum billiards. We find that the
strongly chaotic classical billiard motion of four-dimensional pure gravity
corresponds to a spreading wavepacket subject to successive redshifts and
tending to zero as the singularity is approached. We discuss the possible
implications of these results in the context of singularity resolution and
compare them with those of known semiclassical approaches. As an aside, we
obtain exact solutions for the one-dimensional relativistic quantum billiards
with moving walls.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figure
Search for Chargino-Neutralino Associated Production at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider
We have searched in collisions at = 1.8 TeV for events
with three charged leptons and missing transverse energy. In the Minimal
Supersymmetric Standard Model, we expect trilepton events from
chargino-neutralino (\chione \chitwo) pair production, with subsequent decay
into leptons. We observe no candidate , ,
or events in 106 pb integrated
luminosity. We present limits on the sum of the branching ratios times cross
section for the four channels: \sigma_{\chione\chitwo}\cdot
BR(\chione\chitwo\to 3\ell+X) 81.5 \mgev\sp and
M_\chitwo > 82.2 \mgev\sp for , ~\mgev\sp and
M_\squark= M_\gluino.Comment: 9 pages and 3 figure
Measurement of the Strong Coupling Constant from Inclusive Jet Production at the Tevatron Collider
We report a measurement of the strong coupling constant, ,
extracted from inclusive jet production in collisions at
1800 GeV. The QCD prediction for the evolution of with
jet transverse energy is tested over the range 40<<450 GeV using
for the renormalization scale. The data show good agreement with QCD in
the region below 250 GeV. In the text we discuss the data-theory comparison in
the region from 250 to 450 GeV. The value of at the mass of the
boson averaged over the range 40<<250 GeV is found to be
. The associated theoretical uncertainties are mainly due to the choice
of renormalization scale (^{+6%}_{-4%}) and input parton distribution
functions (5%).Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, using RevTeX. Submitted to Physical Review
Letter
Observation of Hadronic W Decays in t-tbar Events with the Collider Detector at Fermilab
We observe hadronic W decays in t-tbar -> W (-> l nu) + >= 4 jet events using
a 109 pb-1 data sample of p-pbar collisions at sqrt{s} = 1.8 TeV collected with
the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). A peak in the dijet invariant mass
distribution is obtained that is consistent with W decay and inconsistent with
the background prediction by 3.3 standard deviations. From this peak we measure
the W mass to be 77.2 +- 4.6 (stat+syst) GeV/c^2. This result demonstrates the
presence of two W bosons in t-tbar candidates in the W (-> l nu) + >= 4 jet
channel.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR
Search for Narrow Diphoton Resonances and for gamma-gamma+W/Z Signatures in p\bar p Collisions at sqrt(s)=1.8 TeV
We present results of searches for diphoton resonances produced both
inclusively and also in association with a vector boson (W or Z) using 100
pb^{-1} of p\bar p collisions using the CDF detector. We set upper limits on
the product of cross section times branching ratio for both p\bar
p\to\gamma\gamma + X and p\bar p\to\gamma\gamma + W/Z. Comparing the inclusive
production to the expectations from heavy sgoldstinos we derive limits on the
supersymmetry-breaking scale sqrt{F} in the TeV range, depending on the
sgoldstino mass and the choice of other parameters. Also, using a NLO
prediction for the associated production of a Higgs boson with a W or Z boson,
we set an upper limit on the branching ratio for H\to\gamma\gamma. Finally, we
set a lower limit on the mass of a `bosophilic' Higgs boson (e.g. one which
couples only to \gamma, W, and Z$ bosons with standard model couplings) of 82
GeV/c^2 at 95% confidence level.Comment: 30 pages, 11 figure
Search for charged Higgs decays of the top quark using hadronic tau decays
We present the result of a search for charged Higgs decays of the top quark,
produced in collisions at 1.8 TeV. When the charged
Higgs is heavy and decays to a tau lepton, which subsequently decays
hadronically, the resulting events have a unique signature: large missing
transverse energy and the low-charged-multiplicity tau. Data collected in the
period 1992-1993 at the Collider Detector at Fermilab, corresponding to
18.70.7~pb, exclude new regions of combined top quark and charged
Higgs mass, in extensions to the standard model with two Higgs doublets.Comment: uuencoded, gzipped tar file of LaTeX and 6 Postscript figures; 11 pp;
submitted to Phys. Rev.
- …