87,083 research outputs found
Initial state preparation with dynamically generated system-environment correlations
The dependence of the dynamics of open quantum systems upon initial
correlations between the system and environment is an utterly important yet
poorly understood subject. For technical convenience most prior studies assume
factorizable initial states where the system and its environments are
uncorrelated, but these conditions are not very realistic and give rise to
peculiar behaviors. One distinct feature is the rapid build up or a sudden jolt
of physical quantities immediately after the system is brought in contact with
its environments. The ultimate cause of this is an initial imbalance between
system-environment correlations and coupling. In this note we demonstrate
explicitly how to avoid these unphysical behaviors by proper adjustments of
correlations and/or the coupling, for setups of both theoretical and
experimental interest. We provide simple analytical results in terms of
quantities that appear in linear (as opposed to affine) master equations
derived for factorized initial states.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Charged Particles in an Electromagnetic Field: Causal and Stable Dynamics from 1/c Expansion of QED
We derive from a microscopic Hamiltonian a set of stochastic equations of
motion for a system of spinless charged particles in an electromagnetic (EM)
field based on a consistent application of a dimensionful 1/c expansion of
quantum electrodynamics (QED). All relativistic corrections up to order 1/c^3
are captured by the dynamics, which includes electrostatic interactions
(Coulomb), magnetostatic backreaction (Biot-Savart), dissipative backreaction
(Abraham-Lorentz) and quantum field fluctuations at zero and finite
temperatures. With self-consistent backreaction of the EM field included we
show that this approach yields causal and runaway-free equations of motion,
provides new insights into charged particle backreaction, and naturally leads
to equations consistent with the (classical) Darwin Hamiltonian and has quantum
operator ordering consistent with the Breit Hamiltonian. To order 1/c^3 the
approach leads to a nonstandard mass renormalization which is associated with
magnetostatic self-interactions, and no cutoff is required to prevent runaways.
Our new results also show that the pathologies of the standard Abraham-Lorentz
equations can be seen as a consequence of applying an inconsistent (i.e.
incomplete, mixed-order) expansion in 1/c, if, from the start, the analysis is
viewed as generating a low-energy effective theory rather than an exact
solution. Finally, we show that the 1/c expansion within a Hamiltonian
framework yields well-behaved noise and dissipation, in addition to the
multiple-particle interactions.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure
Universal scaling functions for bond percolation on planar random and square lattices with multiple percolating clusters
Percolation models with multiple percolating clusters have attracted much
attention in recent years. Here we use Monte Carlo simulations to study bond
percolation on planar random lattices, duals of random
lattices, and square lattices with free and periodic boundary conditions, in
vertical and horizontal directions, respectively, and with various aspect ratio
. We calculate the probability for the appearance of
percolating clusters, the percolating probabilities, , the average
fraction of lattice bonds (sites) in the percolating clusters,
(), and the probability distribution function for the fraction
of lattice bonds (sites), in percolating clusters of subgraphs with
percolating clusters, (). Using a small number of
nonuniversal metric factors, we find that , ,
(), and () for random lattices, duals
of random lattices, and square lattices have the same universal finite-size
scaling functions. We also find that nonuniversal metric factors are
independent of boundary conditions and aspect ratios.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figure
Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions of Vortex Matter in Three-Dimensional Layered Superconductors
Large-scale simulations on three-dimensional (3D) frustrated anisotropic XY
model have been performed to study the nonequilibrium phase transitions of
vortex matter in weak random pinning potential in layered superconductors. The
first-order phase transition from the moving Bragg glass to the moving smectic
is clarified, based on thermodynamic quantities. A washboard noise is observed
in the moving Bragg glass in 3D simulations for the first time. It is found
that the activation of the vortex loops play the dominant role in the dynamical
melting at high drive.Comment: 3 pages,5 figure
Effect of nonlinear filters on detrended fluctuation analysis
We investigate how various linear and nonlinear transformations affect the
scaling properties of a signal, using the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA).
Specifically, we study the effect of three types of transforms: linear,
nonlinear polynomial and logarithmic filters. We compare the scaling properties
of signals before and after the transform. We find that linear filters do not
change the correlation properties, while the effect of nonlinear polynomial and
logarithmic filters strongly depends on (a) the strength of correlations in the
original signal, (b) the power of the polynomial filter and (c) the offset in
the logarithmic filter. We further investigate the correlation properties of
three analytic functions: exponential, logarithmic, and power-law. While these
three functions have in general different correlation properties, we find that
there is a broad range of variable values, common for all three functions,
where they exhibit identical scaling behavior. We further note that the scaling
behavior of a class of other functions can be reduced to these three typical
cases. We systematically test the performance of the DFA method in accurately
estimating long-range power-law correlations in the output signals for
different parameter values in the three types of filters, and the three
analytic functions we consider.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure
A novel approach for the assessment of morphological evolution based on observed water levels in tide-dominated estuaries
Assessing the impacts of both natural (e.g., tidal forcing from the ocean) and human-induced changes (e.g., dredging for navigation, land reclamation) on estuarine morphology is particularly important for the protection and management of the estuarine environment. In this study, a novel analytical approach is proposed for the assessment of estuarine morphological evolution in terms of tidally averaged depth on the basis of the observed water levels along the estuary. The key lies in deriving a relationship between wave celerity and tidal damping or amplification. For given observed water levels at two gauging stations, it is possible to have a first estimation of both wave celerity (distance divided by tidal travelling time) and tidal damping or amplification rate (tidal range difference divided by distance), which can then be used to predict the morphological changes via an inverse analytical model for tidal hydrodynamics. The proposed method is applied to the Lingdingyang Bay of the Pearl River Estuary, located on the southern coast of China, to analyse the historical development of the tidal hydrodynamics and morphological evolution. The analytical results show surprisingly good correspondence with observed water depth and volume in this system. The merit of the proposed method is that it provides a simple approach for understanding the decadal evolution of the estuarine morphology through the use of observed water levels, which are usually available and can be easily measured.National Key R&D of China (Grant No.
2016YFC0402601), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51979296, 51709287,
41706088, 41476073), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.18lgpy29)
and from the Water Resource Science and Technology Innovation Program of Guangdong Province (Grant
No. 2016-20, 2016-21). The work of the second author was supported by FCT research contracts
IF/00661/2014/CP1234.info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersio
Exact Ampitude Ratio and Finite-Size Corrections for the M x N Square Lattice Ising Model The :
Let f, U and C represent, respectively, the free energy, the internal energy
and the specific heat of the critical Ising model on the square M x N lattice
with periodic boundary conditions. We find that N f and U are well-defined odd
function of 1/N. We also find that ratios of subdominant (N^(-2 i - 1))
finite-size corrections amplitudes for the internal energy and the specific
heat are constant. The free energy and the internal energy at the critical
point are calculated asymtotically up to N^(-5) order, and the specific heat up
to N^(-3) order.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. E 65, 1 February
200
Detection of Review Abuse via Semi-Supervised Binary Multi-Target Tensor Decomposition
Product reviews and ratings on e-commerce websites provide customers with
detailed insights about various aspects of the product such as quality,
usefulness, etc. Since they influence customers' buying decisions, product
reviews have become a fertile ground for abuse by sellers (colluding with
reviewers) to promote their own products or to tarnish the reputation of
competitor's products. In this paper, our focus is on detecting such abusive
entities (both sellers and reviewers) by applying tensor decomposition on the
product reviews data. While tensor decomposition is mostly unsupervised, we
formulate our problem as a semi-supervised binary multi-target tensor
decomposition, to take advantage of currently known abusive entities. We
empirically show that our multi-target semi-supervised model achieves higher
precision and recall in detecting abusive entities as compared to unsupervised
techniques. Finally, we show that our proposed stochastic partial natural
gradient inference for our model empirically achieves faster convergence than
stochastic gradient and Online-EM with sufficient statistics.Comment: Accepted to the 25th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and
Data Mining, 2019. Contains supplementary material. arXiv admin note: text
overlap with arXiv:1804.0383
Non-Markovian Dynamics and Entanglement of Two-level Atoms in a Common Field
We derive the stochastic equations and consider the non-Markovian dynamics of
a system of multiple two-level atoms in a common quantum field. We make only
the dipole approximation for the atoms and assume weak atom-field interactions.
From these assumptions we use a combination of non-secular open- and
closed-system perturbation theory, and we abstain from any additional
approximation schemes. These more accurate solutions are necessary to explore
several regimes: in particular, near-resonance dynamics and low-temperature
behavior. In detuned atomic systems, small variations in the system energy
levels engender timescales which, in general, cannot be safely ignored, as
would be the case in the rotating-wave approximation (RWA). More problematic
are the second-order solutions, which, as has been recently pointed out, cannot
be accurately calculated using any second-order perturbative master equation,
whether RWA, Born-Markov, Redfield, etc.. This latter problem, which applies to
all perturbative open-system master equations, has a profound effect upon
calculation of entanglement at low temperatures. We find that even at zero
temperature all initial states will undergo finite-time disentanglement
(sometimes termed "sudden death"), in contrast to previous work. We also use
our solution, without invoking RWA, to characterize the necessary conditions
for Dickie subradiance at finite temperature. We find that the subradiant
states fall into two categories at finite temperature: one that is temperature
independent and one that acquires temperature dependence. With the RWA there is
no temperature dependence in any case.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures, v2 updated references, v3 clarified results and
corrected renormalization, v4 further clarified results and new Fig. 8-1
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