663 research outputs found
The Landau-Ginzburg to Calabi-Yau Dictionary for D-Branes
Based on work by Orlov, we give a precise recipe for mapping between B-type
D-branes in a Landau-Ginzburg orbifold model (or Gepner model) and the
corresponding large-radius Calabi-Yau manifold. The D-branes in Landau-Ginzburg
theories correspond to matrix factorizations and the D-branes on the Calabi-Yau
manifolds are objects in the derived category. We give several examples
including branes on quotient singularities associated to weighted projective
spaces. We are able to confirm several conjectures and statements in the
literature.Comment: 24 pages, refs added + minor correctio
Infrasound initiates directional fast-start escape responses in juvenile roach Rutilus rutilus
Acoustic stimuli within the sonic range are effective triggers of C-type escape behaviours in fish. We have previously shown that fish have an acute sensitivity to infrasound also, with acceleration thresholds in the range of 10(-5) m s(-2). In addition, infrasound at high intensities around 10(-2) m s(-2) elicits strong and sustained avoidance responses in several fish species. In the present study, the possible triggering of C-escapes by infrasonic single-cycle vibrations was examined in juvenile roach Rutilus rutilus. The fish were accelerated in a controlled and quantifiable manner using a swing system. The applied stimuli simulated essential components of the accelerations that a small fish would encounter in the hydrodynamic flow field produced by a predatory fish. Typical C- and S-type escape responses were induced by accelerations within the infrasonic range with a threshold of 0.023 m s(-2) for an initial acceleration at 6.7 Hz. Response trajectories were on average in the same direction as the initial acceleration. Unexpectedly, startle behaviours mainly occurred in the trailing half of the test chamber, in which the fish were subjected to linear acceleration in combination with compression, i.e. the expected stimuli produced by an approaching predator. Very few responses were observed in the leading half of the test chamber, where the fish were subjected to acceleration and rarefaction, i.e. the stimuli expected from a suction type of predator. We conclude that particle acceleration is essential for the directionality of the startle response to infrasound, and that the response is triggered by the synergistic effects of acceleration and compression
Tachyon Condensation on the Elliptic Curve
We use the framework of matrix factorizations to study topological B-type
D-branes on the cubic curve. Specifically, we elucidate how the brane RR
charges are encoded in the matrix factors, by analyzing their structure in
terms of sections of vector bundles in conjunction with equivariant R-symmetry.
One particular advantage of matrix factorizations is that explicit moduli
dependence is built in, thus giving us full control over the open-string moduli
space. It allows one to study phenomena like discontinuous jumps of the
cohomology over the moduli space, as well as formation of bound states at
threshold. One interesting aspect is that certain gauge symmetries inherent to
the matrix formulation lead to a non-trivial global structure of the moduli
space. We also investigate topological tachyon condensation, which enables us
to construct, in a systematic fashion, higher-dimensional matrix factorizations
out of smaller ones; this amounts to obtaining branes with higher RR charges as
composites of ones with minimal charges. As an application, we explicitly
construct all rank-two matrix factorizations.Comment: 69p, 6 figs, harvmac; v2: minor change
Fractional two-branes, toric orbifolds and the quantum McKay correspondence
We systematically study and obtain the large-volume analogues of fractional
two-branes on resolutions of orbifolds C^3/Z_n. We study a generalisation of
the McKay correspondence proposed in hep-th/0504164 called the quantum McKay
correspondence by constructing duals to the fractional two-branes. Details are
explicitly worked out for two examples -- the crepant resolutions of C^3/Z_3
and C^3/Z_5.Comment: 34 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX (JHEP3 style); (v2) typos corrected; (v3)
sec 3 reorganise
Permutation branes and linear matrix factorisations
All the known rational boundary states for Gepner models can be regarded as
permutation branes. On general grounds, one expects that topological branes in
Gepner models can be encoded as matrix factorisations of the corresponding
Landau-Ginzburg potentials. In this paper we identify the matrix factorisations
associated to arbitrary B-type permutation branes.Comment: 43 pages. v2: References adde
Gauge theories from wrapped and fractional branes
We compare two applications of the gauge/gravity correspondence to a non
conformal gauge theory, based respectively on the study of D-branes wrapped on
supersymmetric cycles and of fractional D-branes on orbifolds. We study two
brane systems whose geometry is dual to N=4, D=2+1 super Yang-Mills theory, the
first one describing D4-branes wrapped on a two-sphere inside a Calabi-Yau
two-fold and the second one corresponding to a system of fractional
D2/D6-branes on the orbifold R^4/Z_2. By probing both geometries we recover the
exact perturbative running coupling constant and metric on the moduli space of
the gauge theory. We also find a general expression for the running coupling
constant of the gauge theory in terms of the "stringy volume" of the two-cycle
which is involved in both types of brane systems.Comment: AMS-LaTeX, 35 pages, no figures. Minor typos corrected, version to
appear in NP
Nanoscale temperature measurements using non-equilibrium Brownian dynamics of a levitated nanosphere
Einstein realised that the fluctuations of a Brownian particle can be used to
ascertain properties of its environment. A large number of experiments have
since exploited the Brownian motion of colloidal particles for studies of
dissipative processes, providing insight into soft matter physics, and leading
to applications from energy harvesting to medical imaging. Here we use
optically levitated nanospheres that are heated to investigate the
non-equilibrium properties of the gas surrounding them. Analysing the sphere's
Brownian motion allows us to determine the temperature of the centre-of-mass
motion of the sphere, its surface temperature and the heated gas temperature in
two spatial dimensions. We observe asymmetric heating of the sphere and gas,
with temperatures reaching the melting point of the material. This method
offers new opportunities for accurate temperature measurements with spatial
resolution on the nanoscale, and a new means for testing non-equilibrium
thermodynamicsComment: 5 pages, 4 figures, supplementary material available upon reques
Moduli Webs and Superpotentials for Five-Branes
We investigate the one-parameter Calabi-Yau models and identify families of
D5-branes which are associated to lines embedded in these manifolds. The moduli
spaces are given by sets of Riemann curves, which form a web whose intersection
points are described by permutation branes. We arrive at a geometric
interpretation for bulk-boundary correlators as holomorphic differentials on
the moduli space and use this to compute effective open-closed superpotentials
to all orders in the open string couplings. The fixed points of D5-brane moduli
under bulk deformations are determined.Comment: 41 pages, 1 figur
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