25 research outputs found
Influence of oxide films on primary water stress corrosion cracking initiation of alloy 600
In the present study alloy 600 was tested in simulated pressurised water reactor (PWR) primary water, at 360 °C, under an hydrogen partial pressure of 30 kPa. These testing conditions correspond to the maximum sensitivity of alloy 600 to crack initiation. The resulting oxidised structures (corrosion scale and underlying metal) were characterised. A chromium rich oxide layer was revealed, the underlying metal being chromium depleted. In addition, analysis of the chemical composition of the metal close to the oxide scale had allowed to detect oxygen under the oxide scale and particularly in a triple grain boundary. Implication of such a finding on the crack initiation of alloy 600 is discussed. Significant diminution of the crack initiation time was observed for sample oxidised before stress corrosion tests. In view of these results, a mechanism for stress corrosion crack initiation of alloy 600 in PWR primary water was proposed
RĂ´le des interfaces dans l'endommagement sous envvironnement agressif.
to be published in journal de Physique IV
Evaluation of multiple stress corrosion crack interactions by in-situ Digital Image Correlation
cited By 2International audienceDigital Image Correlation (DIC), Acoustic Emission and Electrochemical Noise measurements were applied to study the growth of multiple intergranular cracks as a colony on an Alloy 600 in a tetrathionate solution. Cracks exceeding 55 μm in length and 0.45 μm in opening were successfully detected by DIC. Moreover, crack population was classified into initiating, active and dormant cracks, active population being the larger one. The emergence and intensification of interactions produced a modification on the colony growth behavior. They range from a mostly surface crack propagation (in the absence of interactions), to in depth propagation predominantly governed by crack shielding. © 2017 Elsevier Lt
Étude par spectroscopie XPS des couches d'oxydes formées dans l'eau à haute température sur des alliages de nickel
Les états initiaux des surfaces de matériaux métalliques et les premières étapes d'oxydation peuvent conditionner leur comportement en oxydation à long terme. Ainsi, l'objet de cette étude est de caractériser les couches formées sur différents échantillons : alliages base nickel et chrome pur, en milieu aqueux à haute température, pour des durées courtes d'oxydation. La technique d'analyse principale est la spectroscopie de photoélectrons XPS. Elle permet, d'une part, l'étude qualitative des espèces présentes en surface (environnement chimique, états d'oxydation) et d'autre part, une approche semi-quantitative. Nous avons travaillé en mode " profil ", par une succession d'abrasions ioniques entrecoupées d'analyses en vue d'obtenir une répartition des espèces au sein de la couche d'oxyde. En complément, des mesures réalisées par analyse nucléaire (NRA) ont permis d'étalonner la vitesse de décapage ionique et de déterminer ainsi l'épaisseur de la couche d'oxyde. Les données obtenues permettent de proposer un modèle de répartition des différentes espèces dans la couche d'oxyde en fonction du type d'alliage et de la durée d'oxydation
Corrosion of carbon steel components in the French high-level waste program evolution of disposal concept and selection of materials.
International audienceIn France, the reference concept for the geological disposal of high-level waste (HLW) consists of horizontal micro-tunnels, containing carbon steel casing and overpacks (around a stainless steel container containing vitrified waste). The overpacks and casing will be exposed to an environment that will evolve over time: from a hot and humid atmosphere containing oxygen, to an anoxic environment saturated with water at the geothermal temperature. Lots of corrosion experiments have been performed in representative environments to study steel corrosion modes (general corrosion, pitting and crevice corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen embrittlement…) while taking into account the influence of temperature, radiation, mechanical stresses and microorganisms. Some key results have influenced the design of the HLW disposal cell, including the carbon steel grades and dimensions of the casing and overpacks, or the addition of an alkaline grout material between the casing and the host rock
Influence de la pression partielle en hydrogène sur les propriétés semiconductrices des oxydes formés sur les alliages à basse de nickel dans l'eau primaire des REP
International audienc
Etude des propriétés semiconductrices des oxydes formés sur alliages à base de nickel en eau primaire des Réacteurs à eau sous pression.
International audienc
A Novel Oxide Characterization Method of Nickel Base Alloy 600 Used in Nuclear Plant Reactors
The Alloy 600 is a polycrystalline nickel base alloy used in pressurized water reactors (PWR) of nuclear power plants. Long term exposure of the alloy to primary water of PWR generates an oxide film that strongly influences the stress corrosion cracking behavior of the alloy. Recently, it has been shown that the oxide film structure, composition and thickness depend on the dissolved hydrogen content in the primary water. In this work we have explored a novel approach which enables a high spatial resolution oxide thickness measurement by nanomechanical testing. Oxide films have been grown on Alloy 600 specimens exposed between 5000 and 35000 hours at 320-330°C with hydrogen levels in the range 5 to 25 mL H2/kg H2O. A Triboindenter TI-950 from Hysitron was used to measure the change of nanomechanical properties in polished cross-sections. The increase of hardness has been correlated to the presence of oxides.E. Broitman and L. Hultman acknowledge the Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linköping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU # 2009-00971).</p