Is it possible for a perovskite p-n homojunction to persist in the presence of mobile ionic charge?

Recently Cui et al. reported on the fabrication a p-n homojunction perovskite solar cell (PSC) using stoichiometric control of sequentially-deposited perovskite layers. The authors propose that the junction leads to an enhanced electric field in the perovskite absorber resulting in improved charge separation. In this response to Cui et al. 2019 we show that the experimental data presented in the paper does not directly support this claim. Furthermore, Cui et al.'s thesis is not compatible with the large body of existing literature showing that mobile ionic defects present in methyl-ammonium lead iodide (MAPI) and its derivatives are highly mobile at room temperature. Using drift diffusion device simulations we show that large densities of mobile ionic charge in the system are likely to the screen any beneficial effects of a p-n homojunction

Cultural practices of resilient households: portuguese national report

The current report presents the results of the analysis of the interviews that were made by the Portuguese team within the RESCuE project. The objective of this report was to explore the data collected during fieldwork having as selective how interviewees mobilization four different types of capital - symbolic, socioeconomic, cultural and social - while also looking into how the impact crisis of the crisis over such capitals. The report is thought of as feeding the WP5 international report. As such, it aimed at presenting data in a way that facilitated comparison with data from other RESCuE countries. In doing so, we opted by emphasizes the excerpts that were either were representative of data for a large part of the sample, illustrated contrasting views of interviewees and different dimensions of relevant phenomena or representing unexpected findings to be further developed in international comparison. Therefore, analytical considerations and conclusions, while necessarily present in order to both offer a perspective and confer coherence to the selection of these excerpts, were kept to a minimum

Report on social economy & household resilience: portuguese national report

Current attempts to define the social economy are associated with the Charter of principles of social economy CEP-CMAF from 20021. It says that: social economy organizations are social and economic entities operating in all sectors. They are distinguished mainly by their objectives and characteristic form of entrepreneurship. The social economy includes organizations such as cooperatives, mutual societies, associations and foundations. These companies are particularly active in certain areas, such as social protection, social services, health care, banking, insurance, agricultural production, consumer issues, associative work, crafts, housing, supplies, neighbourhood services, education and training, and the area of sport culture and recreation. In the context of the fight against social exclusion, the social economy is understood as initiatives in the field of labour market policy, in particular the socio-professional integration of socially excluded groups, opposing the unjustified polarization of income societies

Socio-economic practices of resilience: portuguese national report

The current report presents the results of the analysis of the interviews taken by the Portuguese team within the RESCuE project. The objective of this report is double. On the one hand, we aim at providing a description of the main resilience practices. We take here resilience in a broad sense as responses shocks in families lives either caused by the crisis or happening in their context. On the other hand, we aim to provide an analysis of the resources and societal processes that are called into play in these practices as well as a tentative assessment of their effects in families’ lifes in the short, medium and long term

Thermal inactivation of Byssochlamys nivea in pineapple nectar combined with preliminary high pressure treatments

Byssochlamys nivea is a thermal resistant filamentous fungi and potential micotoxin producer. Recent studies have verified the presence of ascospores of such microorganism in samples of pineapple nectars. Although the majority of filamentous fungi have limited heat resistance and are easily destroyed by heat, Byssochlamys nivea ascospores have shown high thermal resistance. The aim of this work was to evaluate the application of linear and Weibull models on thermal inactivation (70, 80 and 90ºC) of Byssochlamys nivea ascospores in pineapple nectar after pretreatment with high pressure (550MPa or 650MPa during 15min). Following the treatments, survival curves were built up for each processing temperature and adjusted for both models. It was observed that survival curves at 90°C after high pressure pretreatment at 550 MPa/15 min did not fit well to linear and Weibull models. For all the other treatments, the Weibull model presented a better fit. At 90ºC without pressure treatment, the Weibull model also showed a better adjustment, having a larger R2 and a smaller RMSE. Regarding the process effectiveness, a 5-log reduction (t5), as recommended for pasteurization, was only achieved for Byssochlamys nivea ascospores presented in pineapple nectar at 90ºC/10.7 min with previous high pressure treatment of 650 MPa for 15 min. Considering the high intensity and energy demanding process with possibly product damage, other preventive and alternative treatments are being investigated

The spatial dimension of household’s resilience : portuguese national report

The current report presents the results of the analysis of the interviews that were made by the Portuguese team within the RESCUE project. The goal of this report was to explore the data collected during fieldwork from a spatial perspective. We thus followed an essentially comparative method, focusing on phenomena which presented different aspects or configurations in the rural and urban areas of our sample

Resilience: moving from a 'heroic' notion to a sociological concept

This paper presents a specific sociological theoretical framework to the concept of resilience. To do so, we reviewed the main theoretical developments on resilience, focusing our attention on the development of a “heroic” perspective of resilience. We point out its several pitfalls, and counter it with a concept of resilience grounded on sociological theory and poverty studies, presenting a definition for resilience, the conditions and characteristics of this social phenomenon, as well as a model of operationalization based on two major dimensions: mobilization of resources and shifting of risks. With this innovative approach we also call for a sociological research agenda for resilience.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Resilient households and welfare state institutions : portuguese national report

The welfare state is a recent development in Portugal, just as it is in many other Southern and Eastern European countries. Portugal’s late industrialisation resulted in the beginnings of protection against social risks being sketched out during the First Republic (1910-26), when laws were passed establishing this protection along Bismarckian lines; however, these laws were never enforced. The social protection that did exist consisted of a network of local and professional mutualist associations covering a very limited range of risks while paying out very low benefits (Pereira M. H., 2012)

Communities, participation & politics: portuguese national report

Writing a report on political and community participation based on our fieldwork data was not an easy task. We were not expecting to find very high levels of civic engagement beforehand, due the traditionally extremely low levels of political participation in Portugal – as will be discussed on Chapter 1 of this report. And such expectations were largely confirmed. Indeed, one the more noticeable reactions of households to the crisis was precisely a further retreat into the private sphere. In practice, this meant that references to political and civic engagement within our sample were scarce