Molecular Gas in the Bulge and Ring of NGC 7331

Maps of the J=2-1 12CO emission from the SbII galaxy NGC 7331 show a low-contrast ring at a radius of about 3.5 kpc. There is no evidence for a pronounced central hole in the CO distribution as claimed by others. The molecular ring is just outside the radius of peak emission from warm dust, but coincides with the peak of colder dust emission. Various 12CO and 13CO transitions have been observed from three positions including the center, which was also observed in the 492 GHz transition. The line measurements have been modelled by emission from a clumpy mixture of low-density molecular gas at about T(kin) = 10 K and high-density molecular gas at temperatures of 10 K and 20 K. The CO to H2 conversion factor in NGC 7331 is lower than that in the Milky Way, and lowest in the center of NGC 7331. The total interstellar gas mass is dominated by molecular hydrogen in the bulge and in the ring, and by atomic hydrogen outside the ring. Total hydrogen mass densities in the ring are about twice those in the bulge. Total gas to dynamic mass ratios increase from 1% in the bulge to 3% outside the ring. The bulge molecular gas may have originated in mass loss from bulge stars, in which case the molecular ring is probably the consequence of evacuation efficiency decreases at the outer bulge edge.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, A&A in pres

Detection of Neutral Carbon in the M 31 Dark Cloud D478

Emission from the 492 GHz CI tranition was detected towards the dark cloud D478 in M31. Using existing 12CO and 13CO measurements, models for the gas properties of D478 are discussed. The observed CO and C line ratios can be explained by two-component models (dense cores and tenuous envelopes); single-density models appear less likely. The models indicate temperatures T(kin) = 10 K. The beam-averaged C column density is 0.3 - 0.8 times that of CO, whereas the total carbon to hydrogen ratio N(C)/N(H) = 5-3 times 10**-4. The resulting CO-to-H2 conversion factor X is about half that of the Solar Neighbourhood. With temperatures of about 10 K and projected mass densities of 5-10 M(sun)/pc**2 there appears to be no need to invoke the presence of very cold and very massive clouds. Rather, D478 appears to be comparable to Milky Way dark cloud complexes such as the Taurus-Auriga dark cloud complex.Comment: 7 Pages, 1 Figure; accepted by A&

CI and CO in the Spiral Galaxies NGC 6946 and M 83

Multitransition 12CO, 13CO and 492 GHz [CI] measurements of the late-type spiral galaxies NGC 6946 and M 83 (NGC 5236) show pronounced molecular gas concentrations in rapid solid-body rotation within a few hundred parsec from both nuclei. Their 12CO, 13CO and [CI] relative intensities are nearly identical. However, the very different [CII] intensities imply that the physical conditions are not. The slow decrease of 12CO intensities with increasing rotational level marks the presence of significant amounts of warm and dense molecular gas in both galaxy centers. Detailed modelling indicates that both galaxiy centers contain at least two distinct molecular components: a warm and dense component with T(kin) = 30-60 K, n(H2) = 3000-10 000 cc, and a more tenuous hotter component with T(kin) = 100-150 K, n(H2) < 1000 cc). Atomic carbon column densities exceed CO column densities by a factor of about 1.5 in NGC 6946 and about 4 in M 83. Unlike NGC 6946, M 83 contains a significant amount of molecular hydrogen associated with ionized carbon rather than CO. The centers of NGC 6946 and M 83 contain nearly identical total (atomic and molecular) gas masses of about 3 x 10**7 M(sun). Despite their prominence, the central gas concentrations in these galaxies represent only a few per cent of the stellar mass in the same volume. The peak face-on gas mass density is much higher in M 83 (120 M(sun)/pc**2) than in NGC 6946 (45 M(sun)/pc**2). The more intense starburst in M 83 is associated with a more compact and somewhat hotter PDR zone than the milder starburst in NGC 6946

Molecular gas temperature and density in spiral galaxies

We combine beam-matched CO-13, CO-12 J = 3 yields 2 and J = 2 yields 1 line data to infer the molecular gas excitation conditions in the central 500 to 1600 pc diameters of a small sample of infrared-bright external galaxies: NGC253, IC342, M 83, Maffei 2, and NGC6946. Additional observations of the J = 1 yields 0 lines of C-18O and CO-13 set limits on the opacity of the CO-13 J = 1 yields 0 line averaged over the central kiloparsec of these spiral galaxies

Прогнозирование геологической среды земной коры по материалам ГСЗ и петрофизического термобарического исследования минерального вещества

Some features of methodical means of petrovelocity thermobaric modeling have been considered. An example of the construction of a deep petrovelocity model of a crust part of the Ukrainian Shield is given and analysed

Operations on integral lifts of K(n)

This very rough sketch is a sequel to arXiv:1808.08587; it presents evidence that operations on lifts of the functors K(n) to cohomology theories with values in modules over valuation rings of local number fields, indexed by Lubin-Tate groups of such fields, are extensions of the groups of automorphisms of the indexing group laws, by the exterior algebras on the normal bundle to the orbits of the group laws in the space of lifts.Comment: \S 2.0 hopefully less cryptic. To appear in the proceedings of the 2015 Nagoya conference honoring T Ohkawa. Comments very welcome

Genetic Parameters for Lean Growth Rate and Its Components in U.S. Landrace Pigs

Records on 65,536 Landrace pigs collected between 1985 and 1999 in herds on the National Swine Registry STAGES program were used to estimate additive genetic (animal), common environmental (litter), and residual variances and covariances for days to 250 lb, backfat, loin eye area, and lean growth rate. Analysis was by the REMLf90 program of I. Misztal using a multiple-trait animal model with fixed effects of contemporary group and sex and random effects of animal, litter, and residual error. Heritability estimates were 0.54, 0.39, 0.49, and 0.48 for days to 250 lb, backfat, loin eye area, and lean growth rate, respectively. Genetic correlations for lean growth rate with days to 250, backfat, and loin eye area were -0.83, -0.38, and 0.40, respectively. Phenotypic correlations for lean growth rate with days to 250 lb, backfat, and loin eye area were -0.80, -0.40, and 0.56, respectively. Litter effects were large only for days to 250 lb. Lean growth rate should be used as an important selection criteria in genetic improvement in pigs

Bewaarloon

Populariserende publicati

Metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: consensus on pathology and molecular tests, first-line, second-line, and third-line therapy: 1st ESMO Consensus Conference in Lung Cancer; Lugano 2010

The 1st ESMO Consensus Conference on lung cancer was held in Lugano, Switzerland on 21 and 22 May 2010 with the participation of a multidisciplinary panel of leading professionals in pathology and molecular diagnostics, medical oncology, surgical oncology and radiation oncology. Before the conference, the expert panel prepared clinically relevant questions concerning five areas: early and locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), first-line metastatic NSCLC, second-/third-line NSCLC, NSCLC pathology and molecular testing, and small-cell lung cancer to be addressed through discussion at the Consensus Conference. All relevant scientific literature for each question was reviewed in advance. During the Consensus Conference, the panel developed recommendations for each specific question. The consensus agreement on three of these areas: NSCLC pathology and molecular testing, the treatment of first-line, and second-line/third-line therapy in metastatic NSCLC are reported in this article. The recommendations detailed here are based on an expert consensus after careful review of published data. All participants have approved this final updat