Representation of Clients in Matters Relating to Hospital Bills

This article is designed to acquaint Legal Services attorneys with a range of government health programs for which their clients may be eligible, and a number of legal theories that may impose a duty to provide care on public or private medical care institutions. The primary objective is to provide background material to assist the attorney in getting medical bills paid or defending a collection action. The article also includes a discussion of legal duties to provide care that will be useful in advising clients and consumer groups of their rights and of the programs and services that should be available in the community

Representation of Clients in Matters Relating to Hospital Bills

This article is designed to acquaint Legal Services attorneys with a range of government health programs for which their clients may be eligible, and a number of legal theories that may impose a duty to provide care on public or private medical care institutions. The primary objective is to provide background material to assist the attorney in getting medical bills paid or defending a collection action. The article also includes a discussion of legal duties to provide care that will be useful in advising clients and consumer groups of their rights and of the programs and services that should be available in the community

Progress in Turbulence Detection via GNSS Occultation Data

The increased availability of radio occultation (RO) data offers the ability to detect and study turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere. An analysis of how RO data can be used to determine the strength and location of turbulent regions is presented. This includes the derivation of a model for the power spectrum of the log-amplitude and phase fluctuations of the permittivity (or index of refraction) field. The bulk of the paper is then concerned with the estimation of the model parameters. Parameter estimators are introduced and some of their statistical properties are studied. These estimators are then applied to simulated log-amplitude RO signals. This includes the analysis of global statistics derived from a large number of realizations, as well as case studies that illustrate various specific aspects of the problem. Improvements to the basic estimation methods are discussed, and their beneficial properties are illustrated. The estimation techniques are then applied to real occultation data. Only two cases are presented, but they illustrate some of the salient features inherent in real data

Experimental Verification of Ocean Bounced GPS Signals and Analysis of their Application to Ionospheric Corrections for Satellite Altimetry

An algorithm is presented which uses observations of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals reflected from the ocean surface and acquired by a GPS receiver onboard an altimetric satellite to compute the ionospheric delay present in the altimeter measurement. This eliminates the requirement for a dual frequency altimeter for many Earth observing missions. A ground-based experiment is described which confirms the presence of these ocean-bounced signals and demonstrates the potential for altimeter ionospheric correction at the centimeter level

CSAC Flight Experiment to Characterize On-Orbit Performance

Precise positioning, navigation, and timing requirements are driving a need for increasingly accurate spacecraft timing systems. This paper describes an experiment being developed at the University of Colorado Boulder to quantify the stability and behavior of a chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC) onboard an Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) University Nanosatellite Program (UNP-9) MAXWELL CubeSat mission. The CSAC experiment will run onboard MAXWELL, enabling the GPS receiver measurements to occur using the unsteered CSAC as an external clock. The experiment will record and downlink the position, clock bias, pseudorange, phase, and temperature. These data will allow us to characterize the on-orbit performance of the CSAC

Eigen-transitions in cantilever cylindrical shells subjected to vertical edge loads

A thin cantilever cylindrical shell subjected to a transverse shear force at the free end can experience two distinct modes of buckling, depending on its relative thickness and length. If the former parameter is fixed then a short cylinder buckles in a diffuse manner, while the eigenmodal deformation of a moderately long shell is localised, both axially and circumferentially, near its fixed end. Donnelltype buckling equations for cylindrical shells are here coupled with a non-symmetric membrane basic state to produce a linear boundary-value problem that is shown to capture the transition between the aforementioned instability modes. The main interest lies in exploring the approximate asymptotic separation of the independent variables in the corresponding stability equations, when the eigen-deformation is doubly localised. Comparisons with direct numerical simulations of the full buckling problem provide further insight into the accuracy and limitations of our approximations

Medicaid and SCHIP: The President's FY2006 Budget Proposals

This report describes the proposal and provides an estimate of the cost or savings based on publicly available information. The report provides a brief background for the proposal and provides a listing of current Congressional Research Service (CRS) reports related to the proposal

Hurricane Katrina: Medicaid Issues

This report discusses the following: Medicaid’s rules on eligibility, benefits, and financing in the context of current questions and issues raised by Hurricane Katrina. Recent state actions in response to Medicaid issues raised by the hurricane. Federal Medicaid waiver authority, including information on current activity in this area and the New York Disaster Relief Medicaid waiver granted in response to the September 11 terrorist attacks. Current federal legislation related to Medicaid and Hurricane Katrina relief efforts

On the Possibility of Measuring the Gravitomagnetic Clock Effect in an Earth Space-Based Experiment

In this paper the effect of the post-Newtonian gravitomagnetic force on the mean longitudes $l$ of a pair of counter-rotating Earth artificial satellites following almost identical circular equatorial orbits is investigated. The possibility of measuring it is examined. The observable is the difference of the times required to $l$ in passing from 0 to 2$\pi$ for both senses of motion. Such gravitomagnetic time shift, which is independent of the orbital parameters of the satellites, amounts to 5$\times 10^{-7}$ s for Earth; it is cumulative and should be measured after a sufficiently high number of revolutions. The major limiting factors are the unavoidable imperfect cancellation of the Keplerian periods, which yields a constraint of 10$^{-2}$ cm in knowing the difference between the semimajor axes $a$ of the satellites, and the difference $I$ of the inclinations $i$ of the orbital planes which, for $i\sim 0.01^\circ$, should be less than $0.006^\circ$. A pair of spacecrafts endowed with a sophisticated intersatellite tracking apparatus and drag-free control down to 10$^{-9}$ cm s$^{-2}$ Hz$^{-{1/2}}$ level might allow to meet the stringent requirements posed by such a mission.Comment: LaTex2e, 22 pages, no tables, 1 figure, 38 references. Final version accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravit

How Medicaid Works: Program Basics

Medicaid is a means-tested entitlement program that has been in existence for over 35 years. It provides primary and acute care as well as long-term care to over 40 million Americans at a cost to federal and state governments of approximately $258.2 billion in FY2002. Of all federally supported social programs, only Medicare comes close to this level of spending, and only Social Security costs more