Solution‐processed high‐performance ZnO nano‐FETs fabricated with direct‐write electron‐beam‐lithography‐based top‐down route

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been extensively investigated for use in large-area electronics; in particular, the solution-processing routes have shown increasing promise towards low-cost fabrication. However, top-down fabrication approaches with nanoscale resolution, towards aggressively scaled device platforms, are still underexplored. This study reports a novel approach of direct-write electron-beam lithography (DW-EBL) of solution precursors as negative tone resists, followed by optimal precursor processing to fabricate micron/nano-field-effect transistors (FETs). It is demonstrated that the mobility and current density of ZnO FETs can be increased by two orders of magnitude as the precursor pattern width is decreased from 50 µm to 100 nm. These nano-FET devices exhibit field-effect mobility exceeding ≈30 cm2 V−1 s−1 and on-state current densities reaching 10 A m−1, the highest reported so far for direct-write precursor-patterned nanoscale ZnO FETs. Using atomic force microscopy and parametric modeling, the origin of such device performance improvement is investigated. The findings emphasize the influence of pre-decomposition nanoscale precursor patterning on the grain morphology evolution in ZnO and, consequently, open up large-scale integration, and miniaturization opportunities for solution-processed, high-performance nanoscale oxide FETs

Долгосрочные онкологические и функциональные результаты робот-ассистированной радикальной простатэктомии

Prostate cancer (РСа), being one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in men in Russia and in a number of other countries of the world, remains an urgent problem for modern oncourology, and the choice of surgical method is an important task for a surgeon. Such a pronounced interest in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in patients is driven by good tolerance and effectiveness of these surgical interventions, despite the fact that radical prostatectomy is considered to be the "gold standard" for treatment of patients with clinically localized РСа with regard to European Association of Urology data. The long-term oncological and functional results and the quality of life of patients after RARP deserve close attention and thorough study. According to the data presented in this article, it is obvious that RARP is the preferred method for surgical treatment of РСа, since oncological and functional results in the long-term follow-up are comparable to the results after radical prostatectomy, and according to some authors, these results are superior to the results of radical prostatectomy. The results of the study will allow to continue further introduction of RARP into clinical practice and its popularization as a method of surgical treatment of patients with localized PCa, which will reduce the length of hospital stay of patients, accelerate their medical and social rehabilitation, and improve the quality of medical care.The amount of data on the study of distant oncological and functional results of RARP as well as its superiority over other treatment methods is limited in medical literature, which prompted us to conduct our own research. Currently the urological clinic of the A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry continues work aimed at studying the longterm results of RARP in the first patients in Russia.Рак предстательной железы (РПЖ), являясь одной из ведущих причин онкологической смертности у мужчин в России и ряде других стран, остается актуальной проблемой современной онкоурологии, а выбор метода хирургического лечения - важной задачей для хирурга. Выраженный интерес к робот-ассистированной радикальной простатэктомии (РАРП) обусловлен хорошей переносимостью и эффективностью этого оперативного вмешательства, несмотря на то что радикальная простатэктомия является «золотым стандартом» лечения пациентов с клинически локализованным РПЖ, по данным Европейской ассоциации урологов. Отдаленные онкологические и функциональные результаты и качество жизни пациентов после РАРП заслуживают пристального внимания.Согласно приведенным в настоящей статье данным, очевидно, что РАРП считается предпочтительным методом хирургического лечения РПЖ. При этом онкологические и функциональные результаты в долгосрочном наблюдении сопоставимы с результатами радикальной простатэктомии, а по данным некоторых авторов, превосходят их. Результаты проведенного исследования позволят продолжить внедрение в клиническую практику и популяризировать РАРП как метод хирургического лечения пациентов с локализованным РПЖ, что сократит продолжительность пребывания больных в стационаре, ускорит медицинскую и социальную реабилитацию пациентов, повысит качество оказания медицинской помощи пациентам.Ограниченное количество данных в медицинской литературе, посвященных изучению отдаленных онкологических, функциональных результатов РАРП, побудило нас к проведению собственного исследования. В настоящее время в урологической клинике Московского государственного медико-стоматологического университета им. А.И. Евдокимова продолжается работа, направленная на изучение отдаленных результатов РАРП у первых пациентов в России

Impact of early adverse life events and sex on functional brain networks in patients with urological chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS): A MAPP Research Network study.

Pain is a highly complex and individualized experience with biopsychosocial components. Neuroimaging research has shown evidence of the involvement of the central nervous system in the development and maintenance of chronic pain conditions, including urological chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS). Furthermore, a history of early adverse life events (EALs) has been shown to adversely impact symptoms throughout childhood and into adulthood. However, to date, the role of EAL's in the central processes of chronic pain have not been adequately investigated. We studied 85 patients (56 females) with UCPPS along with 86 healthy controls (HCs) who had resting-state magnetic resonance imaging scans (59 females), and data on EALs as a part of the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network Study. We used graph theory methods in order to investigate the impact of EALs on measures of centrality, which characterize information flow, communication, influence, and integration in a priori selected regions of interest. Patients with UCPPS exhibited lower centrality in the right anterior insula compared to HCs, a key node in the salience network. Males with UCPPS exhibited lower centrality in the right anterior insula compared the HC males. Females with UCPPS exhibited greater centrality in the right caudate nucleus and left angular gyrus compared to HC females. Males with UCPPS exhibited lower centrality in the left posterior cingulate, angular gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and superior temporal sulcus, but greater centrality in the precuneus and anterior mid-cingulate cortex (aMCC) compared to females with UCPPS. Higher reports of EALs was associated with greater centrality in the left precuneus and left aMCC in females with UCPPS. This study provides evidence for disease and sex-related alterations in the default mode, salience, and basal ganglia networks in patients with UCPPS, which are moderated by EALs, and associated with clinical symptoms and quality of life (QoL)

Coupling of individual quantum emitters to channel plasmons

Efficient light-matter interaction lies at the heart of many emerging technologies that seek on-chip integration of solid-state photonic systems. Plasmonic waveguides, which guide the radiation in the form of strongly confined surface plasmon-polariton modes, represent a promising solution to manipulate single photons in coplanar architectures with unprecedented small footprints. Here we demonstrate coupling of the emission from a single quantum emitter to the channel plasmon polaritons supported by a V-groove plasmonic waveguide. Extensive theoretical simulations enable us to determine the position and orientation of the quantum emitter for optimum coupling. Concomitantly with these predictions, we demonstrate experimentally that 42% of a single nitrogen-vacancy centre emission efficiently couples into the supported modes of the V-groove. This work paves the way towards practical realization of efficient and long distance transfer of energy for integrated solid-state quantum systems.Peer Reviewe

Coupling of individual quantum emitters to channel plasmons

Efficient light-matter interaction lies at the heart of many emerging technologies that seek on-chip integration of solid-state photonic systems. Plasmonic waveguides, which guide the radiation in the form of strongly confined surface plasmon-polariton modes, represent a promising solution to manipulate single photons in coplanar architectures with unprecedented small footprints. Here we demonstrate coupling of the emission from a single quantum emitter to the channel plasmon polaritons supported by a V-groove plasmonic waveguide. Extensive theoretical simulations enable us to determine the position and orientation of the quantum emitter for optimum coupling. Concomitantly with these predictions, we demonstrate experimentally that 42% of a single nitrogen-vacancy centre emission efficiently couples into the supported modes of the V-groove. This work paves the way towards practical realization of efficient and long distance transfer of energy for integrated solid-state quantum systems.Peer Reviewe