WAGE DYNAMICS IN A STRUCTURAL TIME SERIES MODEL FOR LUXEMBOURG

This paper examines the relationships between monetary wage and its theoretical explanatory variables using a Structural Time Series (STS) model in order to take into account the unobserved components (trend, cycle, seasonal and irregular) of wage. Theoretically, the monetary wage is negatively related to labor productivity and unemployment rate but positively to the consumer price index and foreign prices. Our empirical results for a small open economy as Luxembourg indicate that the wage is positively related to the consumer price index and foreign prices as predicted by the theory, but the labor productivity and unemployment rate are not significant in the explanation of wages dynamics in the Luxembourg economy.Wage Bargaining, Labor Unions, Unobserved Components Models, Structural Time Series

Caractérisation litho stratigraphique et petro-sedimentologique des formations tertiaire-quaternaires de la région de Bingerville (Côte d’Ivoire)

La caractérisation litho stratigraphiques et pétro-sédimentologiques contribue à préciser les faciès lithologiques ainsi que leur minéralogie et à mieux cerner les séquences sédimentaires de la région de Bingerville. La caractérisation litho stratigraphique révèle la présence d’argile noire surmontée par de l’argile bariolée d’âge Mio-pliocène. Des dépôts plus récents recouvrent l’argile bariolée. Ils sont constitués de sables, de sables micro conglomératiques, de sables argileux ocre, d’argiles sableuses, de grès ferromanganeux, de stone line et de terre de barre. Ces dépôts comblent des paléo chenaux de types anastomosés. La caractérisation pétro-sédimentologique révèle la présence de certains minéraux tels que : quartz, hématite, biotite, sillimanite, scheelite, goethite, limonite, manganèse, pyroxène et tourmaline. Les grès auraient un ciment hémato-manganeux. Aussi, les sables sont moyennement classés. Ces sables ont été transportés par saltation et déposés par décantation dans un environnement fluviatile loin de leur source pourvoyeuse.Mots-clés : hémato-manganeux, litho stratigraphique, mio-pliocène, plio-quaternaire, pétro-sédimentologiques

Binary Mixtures of SH- and CH3-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers to Control the Average Spacing Between Aligned Gold Nanoparticles

This paper presents a method to control the average spacing between organometallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD) grown gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in a line. Focused ion beam patterned CH3-terminated self-assembled monolayers are refilled systematically with different mixtures of SH- and CH3-terminated silanes. The average spacing between OMCVD Au NPs is demonstrated systematically to decrease by increasing the v/v% ratio of the thiols in the binary silane mixtures with SH- and CH3-terminated groups

Shear-induced chemical segregation in a Fe-based bulk metallic glass at room temperature.

Shear-induced segregation, by particle size, is known in the flow of colloids and granular media, but is unexpected at the atomic level in the deformation of solid materials, especially at room temperature. In nanoscale wear tests of an Fe-based bulk metallic glass at room temperature, without significant surface heating, we find that intense shear localization under a scanned indenter tip can induce strong segregation of a dilute large-atom solute (Y) to planar regions that then crystallize as a Y-rich solid solution. There is stiffening of the material, and the underlying chemical and structural effects are characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The key influence of the soft Fe-Y interatomic interaction is investigated by ab-initio calculation. The driving force for the induced segregation, and its mechanisms, are considered by comparison with effects in other sheared media

Extensible Authentication Protocol Method for 3 rd Generation Authentication

This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust’s Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of publication of this documen

Diversité des denrées alimentaires traditionnelles conditionnées dans les emballages des feuilles de plantes en Côte d’Ivoire

Le présent travail a consisté à réaliser une enquête basée sur une méthode de ratissage systématique de 360 productrices et/ ou vendeuses d’aliments dans 12 principales localités de la Côte d’Ivoire. Les informations relatives au statut socio-démographique des femmes enquêtées et aux denrées alimentaires emballées dans les feuilles de plantes ont été collectées. Au total, 35 aliments emballés dans les feuilles de plantes ont été recensés et sont subdivisés en dérivés de maïs et de mil (15,22 %), de banane plantain (35,65 %), de niébé (7,4 %) et de manioc ou de taro (36,66 %). Ces aliments sont obtenus par divers procédés dont principalement la cuisson, la friture, le braisage, le fumage, le séchage (au soleil ou au four) ou la combinaison de deux de ces procédés. Le dockounou, l’attiékè et le bolo sont les aliments les plus préparés et vendus principalement dans les feuilles deThaumatococcus daniellii, de Musa paradisiaca ou de Musa acuminata, qui constituent les emballages végétaux les plus utilizes dans l’artisanat agro-alimentaire de la Côte d’Ivoire.Mots clés: Dockounou, Attiéké, Bolo, Côte d’Ivoire, Emballages végétaux, Feuilles de plantes Diversity of the traditional food packaged in plant leaves in Côte d’IvoireA survey based on a systematic combing of respondents was performed. A total of 360 traditional food processors were surveyed in 12 main localities of Côte d’Ivoire. Data related to the socio-demographic status of the respondents and the traditional foods in Côte d’Ivoire, specifically their local names, composition and the process have been collected. A total of 35 traditional foods packaged in plant leaves have been identified and were subdivided into four main groups : maize and milet based foods (15.22 %), plantain based products (35.65 %), cowpea based foods (7.4 %) and cassava and taro based products (36.66 %). These foods are obtained using t raditional culinary including cooking, steaming, frying, smoking, sun drying or the combination of two of these methods. The traditional foods such as dockounou, attiéké and bolo are mostly packed in plant leaves in Côte d’Ivoire, particularly in leaves of Thaumatococcus daniellii, Musa paradisiaca and Musa acuminata.Keywords: Dockounou, Attiéké, Bolo, Côte d’Ivoire, Vegetal packaging, plant leave

Caractérisation des sables et morphologie du fond du lac du barrage hydroélectrique de Taabo (Côte d\'Ivoire)

Une analyse sédimentologique et minéralogique réalisée sur un cycle hydrologique entre octobre 2004 et août 2005 a permis d\'évaluer les charges solides en suspension et de caractériser les sédiments du lac du barrage de Taabo. La concentration moyenne en matières en suspension (12 mg.L-1) et la turbidité moyenne (20 NTU) montrent que les eaux du lac sont relativement peu chargées. Ces charges en suspension sont composées d\'une fraction inorganique et d\'une fraction organique. Les sables qui composent les sédiments de ce lac sont majoritairement moyens à grossiers et médiocrement classés avec une moyenne granulométrique de 451,48 μm et un indice de classement moyen de 1,13. Les vases et les sables fins occupent les zones profondes du lac et les zones envahies par les végétaux aquatiques. Les sables moyens sont localisés aux voisinages des berges tandis que les sables grossiers sont situés aux voisinages des îles et de la digue. Le cortège minéralogique des sédiments est caractérisé de minéraux lourds (l\'amphibole, la tourmaline, le diopside et l\'épidote) et de minéraux légers (le quartz et les feldspaths). Par ailleurs, cette étude a permis de réaliser la première carte bathymétrique du lac de Taabo 26 ans après sa mise en eau.A sedimentological and mineralogical study carried out on a hydrological cycle from October 2004 to August 2005 has permitted to assess the solid suspended matters and to characterize the sediments of the Taabo dam lake. The average of suspended matters concentration (12 mg.L -1) and the average of turbidity (20 NTU) reveal that the lake is relatively little loaded with suspended matters. These suspended matters are compound of an inorganic fraction and an organic fraction. Sands size in the sediments of this lake are from middle to coarse and badly classified. The grain size average is 451,48 μm; the standard deviation average is 1,13. Muds and fine sands are found in the deeper zones of the lake and also in the zones invaded by the aquatic plants. Middle sands are located near banks while coarse sands are located aside the islands and the dam. The minerals found in the sediments are characterized by heavy minerals (the amphibole, tourmaline, diopside and epidote) and light minerals (quartz and feldspars). Elsewhere, this study has permitted to carry out the first bathymetric Map of this lake 26 years after its setting in water. Keywords: keywordBarrage, lac, granulométrie, minéralogie, bathymétrie, Taabo./Dam, lake, grain size, mineralogy, bathymetry, Taabo.Sciences & Nature Vol. 4 (1) 2007: pp. 93-10

Indeks Perdagingan Sapi Bali Jantan dan Betina dari Pemeliharaan Tradisional di Sulawesi Tenggara

Produktivitas karkas dan daging sapi lokal di Indonesia masih sangat beragam sesuai dengan karakteristik wilayah dan pola pemeliharaannya. Penelitian ini mempelajari indeks perdagingan sapi Bali jantan dan betina di rumah potong hewan Kota Kendari. Metode penelitian yang di gunakan adalah pengamatan dengan penimbangan langsung di lapangan. Variabel yang di amati dalam penelitian ini adalah bobot potong, bobot karkas, panjang karkas dan indeks perdagingan. Data yang diperoleh, di tabulasi berdasarkan klasifikasi jenis kelamin selanjutnya di analisis dengan menggunakan uji t – Student. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rataan indeks perdagingan sapi Bali jantan sebesar 1,13 dan sapi Bali betina 1,09 adalah (P>0,05). Bobot Potong Sapi Bali jantan sebesar 230 sedangkan betina 212 adalah berbeda nyata (

Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum in The Gambia

The relevance of innate immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum infection, in particular the central role of natural killer (NK) cell-derived interferon gamma (IFN-γ), is becoming increasingly recognised. Recently, it has been shown that IFN-γ production in response to P. falciparum antigens is in part regulated by killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes, and a study from malaria-exposed Melanesians suggested an association between KIR genotypes and susceptibility to infection. This prompted us to determine and compare the frequencies of 15 KIR genes in Gambian children presenting with either severe malaria (n = 133) or uncomplicated malaria (n = 188) and in cord-blood population control samples (n = 314) collected from the same area. While no significant differences were observed between severe and uncomplicated cases, proportions of individuals with KIR2DS2+C1 and KIR2DL2+C1 were significantly higher among malaria cases overall than in population control samples. In an exploratory analysis, activating KIR genes KIR2DS2, KIR3DS1 and KIR2DS5 were slightly higher in children in disease subgroups associated with the highest mortality. In addition, our data suggest that homozygosity for KIR genotype A might be associated with different malaria outcomes including protection from infection and higher blood parasitaemia levels in those that do get infected. These findings are consistent with a probable role of KIR genes in determining susceptibility to malaria, and further studies are warranted in different populations