Effect of incidental teaching strategies on the workload in soccer. A systematic review.

El análisis realizado por la literatura existente acerca de los efectos que produce la utilización de estrategias de enseñanza incidentales en los atletas se ha realizado fundamentalmente bajo un prisma unidimensional, generalmente a través de los índices de rendimiento (cognitivo o motor), en términos de eficacia de las decisiones de los jugadores o de la precisión en los lanzamientos. Pero son escasos los trabajos que han estudiado el impacto de este tipo de estrategias bajo un prisma multidimensional, analizando además su efecto sobre variables de tipo fisiológico, como la frecuencia cardíaca, el movimiento ocular o el volumen máximo de oxígeno, o variables subjetivas, como el nivel de ansiedad, el rendimiento percibido o la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo. Por todo ello, el objetivo del presente estudio es analizar bajo un prisma multidimensional el efecto de las estrategias de enseñanza incidentales sobre la carga de trabajo durante el aprendizaje de habilidades relacionadas con el fútbol, con objeto de conocer en qué aspectos benefician o perjudican el aprendizaje y el rendimiento de los jugadores. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de los estudios publicados hasta la actualidad. Se consultaron las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus with Full Text y PsycInfo, y revistas especializadas en la materia, además de realizar una revisión ascendente de la literatura seleccionada. Finalmente se seleccionaron 15 estudios. En base a los resultados obtenidos en los estudios seleccionados, en líneas generales podemos afirmar que los jugadores se ven beneficiados de una reducción de la cantidad de información que procesan intencionadamente para la resolución del problema que les plantea la tarea en habilidades relacionadas con el fútbol, siendo por tanto favorable la utilización de estrategias incidentales para dicho desempeño. No obstante, y debido a que las técnicas utilizadas para la evaluación del efecto de dicha estrategia han sido principalmente unidimensionales, se aconseja la utilización combinada de diferentes herramientas que consideren no sólo aspectos relacionados con el rendimiento, sino también medidas fisiológicas y psicológicas, con objeto de obtener una visión holística del efecto que este tipo de estrategia produce en los jugadores.The analysis made by the existing literature about the effects produced by the use of incidental teaching strategies in athletes has been carried out fundamentally under a one-dimensional prism, generally through performance indexes (cognitive or motor), in terms of efficiency of the decisions of the players or of the precision in the throws. But there are few studies that have studied the impact of this type of strategies under a multidimensional prism, also analyzing its effect on variables of physiological type, such as heart rate, eye movement or maximum volume of oxygen, or subjective variables, such as the level of anxiety, the perceived performance or the subjective perception of the effort. For all these reasons, the aim of this study is to analyze, under a multidimensional prism, the effect of incidental teaching strategies on the workload during the learning of soccer skills, in order to know in which aspects they benefit or harm learning. and the performance of the players. A systematic review of the studies published to date was carried out. We consulted the Web of Science databases, Scopus, SportDiscus with Full Text and PsycInfo, and specialized journals on the subject, as well as carrying out an upward revision of the selected literature. Finally, 15 studies were selected. Based on the results obtained in the selected studies, in general terms we can say that players benefit from a reduction in the amount of information they intentionally process to solve the problem posed by the task in soccer-related skills. being therefore favorable the use of incidental strategies for such performance. However, and because the techniques used to evaluate the effect of this strategy have been mainly one-dimensional, it is advisable to use different tools that consider not only aspects related to performance, but also physiological and psychological measures, with a view to to obtain a holistic view of the effect that this type of strategy produces on players

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