Integrity assessment of ammonia storage tank by non-destructive testing

Ammonia is a very dangerous fluid, and it is so important that its storage tanks are safe. Fusion welded joints (in further text: welded joints) are the 'weakest' location in some structures, in this case - tanks, and the detection of defects in welded joints during manufacture is also very important, since defects may cause failure with catastrophic events. NDT techniques that have been performed on welded joints show insight into the quality of the performed welding technique, and results imply whether tanks are safe to be put into exploitation. Three different methods are used for testing: visual, penetrant, and ultrasonic (in this case a new method is used). The first two methods show no irregularities, but third NDT method shows the necessity for tank repair. All of these tests are performed in accordance with relevant standards that are discussed, as well as the used NDT methods in general, with their ability and restrictions

Farmaatsiaterminoloogia ja Euroopa farmakopöa

Artiklis on toodud ingliskeelse Euroopa farmakopöa eestikeelne terminoloogia. Eestikeelsed terminid (4 tabelit) ravimivormide, manustamisviiside ja pakendite kohta avaldatakse vastavalt Euroopas kehtivale tavale rahvusvahelises väljaandes Standard Terms. Eesti Arst 2004; 83(6): 414-43

Estoñol, a computer-assisted pronunciation training tool for Spanish L1 speakers to improve the pronunciation and perception of Estonian vowels

Over the past few years the number of online language teaching materials for non-native speakers of Estonian has increased. However, they focus mainly on vocabulary and pay little attention to pronunciation. In this study we introduce a computerassisted pronunciation training tool, Estoñol, developed to help native speakers of Spanish to train their perception and production of Estonian vowels. The tool’s training program involves seven vowel contrasts, /i-y/, /u-y/, /ɑ-o/, /ɑ-æ/, /e-æ/, /o-ø/, and /o-ɤ/, which have proven to be difficult for native speakers of Spanish. The training activities include theoretical videos and four training modes (exposure, discrimination, pronunciation, and mixed) in every lesson. The tool is integrated into a pre/post-test design experiment with native speakers of Spanish and Estonian to assess the language learners’ perception and production improvement. It is expected that the tool will have a positive effect on the results, as has been shown in previous studies using similar methodology. Kokkuvõte. Katrin Leppik ja Cristian Tejedor-García: Estoñol, mobiilirakendus hispaania emakeelega eesti keele õppijatele vokaalide häälduse ja taju treenimiseks. Eesti keele õppimiseks on loodud mitmeid e-kursusi ja mobiilirakendusi, kuid need keskenduvad peamiselt sõnavara ja gram matika õpetamisele ning pööravad väga vähe tähelepanu hääldusele. Eesti keele häälduse omandamise lihtsustamiseks töötati välja mobiilirakendus Estoñol, mis on mõeldud hispaania emakeelega eesti keele õppijatele. Varasemad uurimused on näidanud, et hispaania emakeelega eesti keele õppijatele valmistab raskusi vokaalide /ɑ, y, ø, æ, ɤ/ hääldamine. Mobiilirakenduse sisu on jagatud seitsmeks peatükiks, kus on võimalik harjutada vokaalipaaride /i-y/, /u-y/, /ɑ-o/, /ɑ-æ/, /e-æ/, /o-ø/, /o-ɤ/ tajumist ja hääldamist. Iga peatükk algab teoreetilise videoga, millele järgnevad taju- ja hääldusharjutused. Mobiilirakenduse mõju hindamiseks keeleõppija hääldusele ja tajule plaanitakse läbi viia eksperiment. Märksõnad: CAPT, eesti keel, hispaania keel, L2, hääldus, taju, vokaalid, Estoño

Integrity assessment of ammonia storage tank by non-destructive testing

Ammonia is a very dangerous fluid, and it is so important that its storage tanks are safe. Fusion welded joints (in further text: welded joints) are the 'weakest' location in some structures, in this case - tanks, and the detection of defects in welded joints during manufacture is also very important, since defects may cause failure with catastrophic events. NDT techniques that have been performed on welded joints show insight into the quality of the performed welding technique, and results imply whether tanks are safe to be put into exploitation. Three different methods are used for testing: visual, penetrant, and ultrasonic (in this case a new method is used). The first two methods show no irregularities, but third NDT method shows the necessity for tank repair. All of these tests are performed in accordance with relevant standards that are discussed, as well as the used NDT methods in general, with their ability and restrictions

Russia's coastal zone as a social and geographic phenomenon: conceptualisation and delimitation

This article defines coastal zones as a priority subject of studies in social geography and interprets coastalisation of population and economy as a key indicator of the development of a coastal zone. The author stresses the inverted coastalisation in Russia at the macro- and meso-levels and identifies its causes. The article defines the coastal zone as a full-scale, continuum-discrete phenomenon with clear crossborder characteristics and increased potential for cluster formation in the economy. Marine cross-border clusters are identified as independent typological units. Characteristics and conditions for their formation and development are described in view of contemporary geoeconomic trends. The author examines the conditions and prospects for the formation of marine cross-border clusters in the key segments of Russia's coastal zone

Management of groundwater resources in transboundary territories (on the example of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Estonia)

Groundwater,  as a source of water supply, the most important mineral and geopolitical resource, , is often the only source of high-quality drinking water that is protected from pollution under conditions of increasing deterioration of surface water quality. Transboundary groundwaters are the focus of hydrogeological researchers for a number of reasons, including the reduction and pollution of water resources as a result of economic activities. The increased controversy between states over transboundary water issues has necessitated  the development of international legal documents on issues related to water conflict prevention and the sustainable use of fresh water. As part of the analysis of the problem of legal regulation of groundwater extraction from transboundary aquifers and complexes, it is proposed to consider this aspect on the example of Russia. The problems of regulation of rational use and protection of fresh water in the bilateral  treaties of the Russian Federation were revealed; a methodology for the management of groundwater extraction in the territory of the transboundary aquifer  was developed, the size, parameters, and factors influencing the formation of the transboundary zone have been determined (based on research and analysis of water intake activities in the border areas of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Estonia) were determined

Облучение обучающихся и сотрудников детских учреждений Ленинградской области природными источниками излучения. Часть 1: Результаты комплексного радиационного обследования

Currently, there is no methodological support for radiation monitoring and sanitary and epidemiological assessment of radon concentration (or radon EEC) and other parameters of the radiation situation in existing operated buildings. The paper presents a review of the protocols for conducting measurements of indoor Leningrad region with previously found elevated levels of radon concentration using long-term measurements. The survey revealed that highest values of indoor radon ECC were obtained using instant measurements in several educational institutions both in the normal operation mode of the buildings (up to 1106 Bq/m3) and after leaving the premises for 12 hours with closed windows and doors (up to 1586 Bq/m3) according to the requirements of paragraph 6.5 of MU 2.6.1.2838-11. High values of radon concentration were also obtained using long-term and short-term measurements (up to 4900 and 1420 Bq/m3, respectively). In addition, high values of radon flux density were detected (up to 2030 mBq/(m2·s)). The established hygienic norms for ambient dose equivalent rate indoors and outdoors were not exceeded in the surveyed educational institutions. The levels of gross alphaand beta activities in tap water sampled from the surveyed educational institutions were below the control levels, and an exceedance of intervention level for activity concentration of radon in analyzed samples was not detected. The results of the survey will be used for hygienic assessment of doses and health risks for students (pupils) and employees of several educational institutions of the Leningrad region due to exposure to radon and its progeny and can be used to improve the method for indoor radon concentration monitoring in existing operated public buildings in the Russian Federation, which in turn will make it possible to obtain correct values of public doses and health risks.В настоящее время отсутствуют методические документы по проведению радиационного контроля и санитарно-эпидемиологической оценки как содержания радона в воздухе помещений, так и других параметров радиационной обстановки в эксплуатируемых зданиях. В статье приведен обзор методик радиационного контроля содержания радона в воздухе помещений детских учреждений некоторых зарубежных стран (США, Норвегия, Финляндия), а также представлены результаты собственного комплексного радиационного обследования 9 детских учреждений в 5 населенных пунктах Ленинградской области, в которых ранее были выявлены высокие уровни объемной активности радона в воздухе помещений интегральным методом. В ходе обследования экспрессным методом в воздухе отдельных помещений были получены высокие значения эквивалентной равновесной объемной активности радона как в режиме нормальной эксплуатации зданий (до 1106 Бк/м3), так и после предварительной 12-часовой выдержки помещений при закрытых окнах и дверях согласно дверях согласно пункту 6.5 МУ 2.6.1.2838-11 (до 1586 Бк/м3). Высокие значения объемной активности радона также были получены с помощью интегральных и квазиинтегральных методов измерений (до 4900 и 1420 Бк/м3 соответственно). Кроме того, были выявлены высокие значения плотности потока радона с поверхности грунта (до 2030 мБк/(м2·с)). Ни в одном из обследованных населенных пунктов не было выявлено превышений установленных нормативов по величине мощности амбиентного эквивалента дозы гамма-излучения на открытой местности и в помещениях детских учреждений. Значения удельной суммарной альфаи бета-активности питьевой воды во всех обследованных детских учреждениях были ниже контрольных уровней, а удельной активности радона в воде – ниже уровня вмешательства. Полученные данные будут использованы для гигиенической оценки доз внутреннего облучения и радиационных рисков у обучающихся и сотрудников некоторых детских учреждений Ленинградской области за счет ингаляции изотопов радона и их короткоживущих дочерних продуктов распада и могут быть использованы для усовершенствования методики радиационного контроля содержания радона в воздухе помещений эксплуатируемых общественных зданий в Российской Федерации, что в дальнейшем позволит получать корректные значения доз облучения и радиационных рисков для здоровья населения

On the international cooperation of North-West Russia in the field of innovations in the Baltic

This article focuses on the cooperation between the constituent entities of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation and the Baltic countries (Finland, Estonia, and Norway) in the field of innovations at national and regional levels, as well as at the level of corporate cooperation. The author reviews successful implementation of innovation projects within cross-border and transnational cooperation programmes. The most significant projects focus on the development of information and communications technologies in healthcare, the development of networks uniting innovation centres in the Baltic Sea region, and the transnational network of business incubators in the Baltic Sea region. The author identifies promising areas of cooperation between North-West Russia, Finland, Norway, and Estonia in the field of innovations, including telecommunications, information and, space; biological, environmental and nanotechnologies; software, medicine, education, culture, energy efficiency and ecological construction, as well as the development of creative industries. The article pays attention to large-scale national projects, such as "St. Petersburg Corridor - Two Model Open Innovation Platform" and "Partnership in commercialization of Russian innovations"

The evolution of settlement areas of Ingrian Finns in Northwest Russia in the second half of the 20th century

Based on the nation-wide censuses conducted between 1959 and 2010 in the Soviet Union and in the Russian Federation, as well as on the contemporary data of the Estonian Department of Statistics, the author of this article studies the spatial aspects of the dynamics of the ethnic area of Ingrian Finns within their main settlement area. This is done through utilizing ethnicity-related statistical data of the district at the lowest level of administrative division. The author emphasises a significant increase in the rates of degradation of the Ingiran settlement area in the post-Soviet period, identifies the factors behind it, and considers district differences in the rates of depopulation and assimilation of the Russian Finns. The results of research make it possible to foreground and describe in detail the available information on the spatial organisation of Russian Finnish population in the North-western region of Russia

Grammatika õpetamine põhikooli eesti keele teise keelena tundides

https://www.ester.ee/record=b5242973*es