Plant cell culture technology in the cosmetics and food industries : current state and future trends

The production of drugs, cosmetics, and food which are derived from plant cell and tissue cultures has a long tradition. The emerging trend of manufacturing cosmetics and food products in a natural and sustainable manner has brought a new wave in plant cell culture technology over the past 10 years. More than 50 products based on extracts from plant cell cultures have made their way into the cosmetics industry during this time, whereby the majority is produced with plant cell suspension cultures. In addition, the first plant cell culture-based food supplement ingredients, such as Echigena Plus and Teoside 10, are now produced at production scale. In this mini review, we discuss the reasons for and the characteristics as well as the challenges of plant cell culture-based productions for the cosmetics and food industries. It focuses on the current state of the art in this field. In addition, two examples of the latest developments in plant cell culture-based food production are presented, that is, superfood which boosts health and food that can be produced in the lab or at home

State recognition for ‘contested languages’: a comparative study of Sardinian and Asturian, 1992–2010

While the idea of a named language as a separate and discrete identity is a political and social construct, in the cases of Sardinian and Asturian doubts over their respective ‘languageness’ have real material consequences, particularly in relation to language policy decisions at the state level. The Asturian example highlights how its lack of official status means that it is either ignored or subjected to repeated challenges to its status as a language variety deserving of recognition and support, reflecting how ‘official language’ in the Spanish context is often understood in practice as synonymous with the theoretically broader category of ‘language’. In contrast, the recent state recognition of Sardinian speakers as a linguistic minority in Italy (Law 482/1999) illustrates how legal recognition served to overcome existing obstacles to the implementation of regional language policy measures. At the same time, the limited subsequent effects of this Law, particularly in the sphere of education, are a reminder of the shortcomings of top-down policies which fail to engage with the local language practices and attitudes of the communities of speakers recognized. The contrastive focus of this article thus acknowledges the continued material consequences of top-down language classification, while highlighting its inadequacies as a language policy mechanism which reinforces artificial distinctions between speech varieties and speakers deserving of recognition

L'ultimo frammento di cuore Gianfranco Formenton nel ricordo degli amici scout

Profilo e impegno educativo di Gianfranco Formento

Possibili percorsi di formazione religiosa nei musei diocesani attraverso l\u2019arte

Il contributo delinea il possibile ruolo del museo diocesano nell'educazione religiosa attraverso il patrimonio artistico che conserva

La scuola nella testimonianza di alcuni insegnanti

A fronte di varie pubblicazioni che denunciano spesso i problemi della scuola, non è frequente poter ascoltare la voce dei docenti che raccontano la loro esperienza professionale. Le testimonianze prese in esame riflettono un vissuto che risente del modo di interpretare il ruolo professionale, di inserirsi in un preciso contesto locale, di instaurare relazioni con gli alunni e le famiglie. La consapevolezza della scelta di essere insegnanti cambia anche in riferimento a periodi storici diversi e differenti condizioni socioeconomiche. Dall’analisi dei testi considerati emerge come il docente possa contribuire anche a valorizzare la scuola come luogo privilegiato della formazione umana e, quindi, di ogni membro della società

Dal secondo dopoguerra ai giorni nostri

Sviluppo storico della scuola materna e della scuola elementare italian