The evolution of ideas and practice concerning the provision of children's playspace (with a special reference to New Zealand and Palmerston North) : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Social Science at Massey University

This thesis seeks to explore the historical processes underlying the allocation and use of public space for children's play in nineteenth and twentieth century industrial society and examine how the processes have influenced the New Zealand situation. The form of publicly provided playspace in New Zealand borrows extensively from overseas ideas and practices. The origins of playspace were a response to the conditions existing as a result of industrialisation in the late nineteenth century. The convergence of two streams of thought; the first the use of play as a tool for social integration of migrant children in the United States; and secondly the development of an urban parks system to alleviate the industrial blight of the cityscape in the United Kingdom; led to the establishment of recreation standards for the provision of children's playspace. The transportable nature of these ideas and practices resulted in children's playgrounds developing in New Zealand between 1920 and 1970 in a largely similar way. During this same period ideas concerning child constructed playgrounds and safety were evolving overseas. Such ideas when adopted in New Zealand have influenced the appearance and internal design of New Zealand playgrounds. However, in terms of function and form these changes have only been superficial. Within New Zealand the social mechanisms for determining the allocation and design of playgrounds has constrained the use of playgrounds often to the disadvantage of different societal groups. The thesis concludes with a review of this issue

Customer Inspired Innovation with Designer as Innovation Catalyst

This study explores the processes of introduction, implementation and integration of design-led innovation within a family owned company driven by engineering innovation in a sector dominated by product and process improvements. This paper is based on the outcomes of an investigation of a family manufacturing company in the METS sector over an 11-month period, where the researcher was embedded in the firm to deliver value to the company by using an action research approach. The design innovation catalyst used a design-led innovation process to capture customer insights that led to changes at the leadership, managerial and employee level of the organisation

A randomised trial evaluating Bevacizumab as adjuvant therapy following resection of AJCC stage IIB, IIC and III cutaneous melanoma : an update

At present, there are no standard therapies for the adjuvant treatment of malignant melanoma. Patients with primary tumours with a high-Breslow thickness (stages IIB and IIC) or with resected loco-regional nodal disease (stage III) are at high risk of developing metastasis and subsequent disease-related death. Given this, it is important that novel therapies are investigated in the adjuvant melanoma setting. Since angiogenesis is essential for primary tumour growth and the development of metastasis, anti-angiogenic agents are attractive potential therapeutic candidates for clinical trials in the adjuvant setting. Therefore, we initiated a phase II trial in resected high-risk cutaneous melanoma, assessing the efficacy of bevacizumab versus observation. In the interim safety data analysis, we demonstrate that bevacizumab is a safe therapy in the adjuvant melanoma setting with no apparent increase in the surgical complication rate after either primary tumour resection and/or loco-regional lymphadenectomy

Potential implications of the novel coronavirus for the Greeley, CO meat-processing industry

Includes bibliographical references.Food Systems, Colorado State University

Retailing in the United Kingdom - a synopsis

This paper illustrates the structure of, and trends in, the retail market of the United Kingdom (UK). This industry analysis describes the retail environment compared to continental Europe and considers the regulatory issues which have helped form this retail environment. By using secondary data we describe concentration and consolidation tendencies and explain specific features of the UK retail market. Major trends are identified and discussed, concluding with an outlook on future developments

Nowhere to Hide: Radio-faint AGN in the GOODS-N field. I. Initial catalogue and radio properties

(Abridged) Conventional radio surveys of deep fields ordinarily have arc-second scale resolutions often insufficient to reliably separate radio emission in distant galaxies originating from star-formation and AGN-related activity. Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) can offer a solution by identifying only the most compact radio emitting regions in galaxies at cosmological distances where the high brightness temperatures (in excess of $10^5$ K) can only be reliably attributed to AGN activity. We present the first in a series of papers exploring the faint compact radio population using a new wide-field VLBI survey of the GOODS-N field. The unparalleled sensitivity of the European VLBI Network (EVN) will probe a luminosity range rarely seen in deep wide-field VLBI observations, thus providing insights into the role of AGN to radio luminosities of the order $10^{22}~\mathrm{W\,Hz^{-1}}$ across cosmic time. The newest VLBI techniques are used to completely cover an entire 7'.5 radius area to milliarcsecond resolutions, while bright radio sources ($S > 0.1$ mJy) are targeted up to 25 arcmin from the pointing centre. Multi-source self-calibration, and a primary beam model for the EVN array are used to correct for residual phase errors and primary beam attenuation respectively. This paper presents the largest catalogue of VLBI detected sources in GOODS-N comprising of 31 compact radio sources across a redshift range of 0.11-3.44, almost three times more than previous VLBI surveys in this field. We provide a machine-readable catalogue and introduce the radio properties of the detected sources using complementary data from the e-MERLIN Galaxy Evolution survey (eMERGE).Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted in A&A. Machine-readable table available upon reques

The effect of food and concurrent chemotherapy on the bioavailability of oral etoposide.

There is no information on the effect of food or concurrent drug administration on the bioavailability of oral etoposide, despite the fact that treatment is frequently administered over several days and most often in combination with other cytotoxic agents. The influence of these factors has been studied in 11 patients, receiving combination cytotoxic therapy for extensive small cell lung carcinoma. Neither food nor concurrent oral or intravenous chemotherapy had a significant effect on the mean plasma concentrations of etoposide, achieved following oral administration. Wide variation in peak plasma concentrations and in area under the concentration time curve (AUC) occurred both between and within patients. It appears unnecessary for patients receiving etoposide (at 100 mg) to fast prior to drug administration. Furthermore, oral etoposide (at 100 mg and at 400 mg) may be given in combination with other cytotoxic agents without compromising its bioavailability

The effects of a single mild dose of morphine on chemoreflexes and breathing in obstructive sleep apnea

The effect of morphine on breathing and ventilatory chemoreflexes in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is unknown. It has been assumed that acute morphine use may induce deeper respiratory depression in OSA but this has not been investigated. We evaluated awake ventilatory chemoreflexes and overnight polysomnography on 10 mild-moderate OSA patients before and after giving 30 mg oral controlled-release morphine. Morphine plasma concentrations were analysed. We found a 30-fold range of morphine plasma concentrations with the fixed dose of morphine, and a higher plasma morphine concentration was associated with a higher CO(2) recruitment threshold (VRT) (r=0.86, p=0.006) and an improvement in sleep time with Sp(O(2)) (T90) (r=-0.87, p=0.005) compared to the baseline. The improvement in T90 also significantly correlated with the increase of VRT (r=-0.79, r=0.02). In conclusion, in mild-to-moderate OSA patients, a single common dose of oral morphine may paradoxically improve OSA through modulating chemoreflexes. There is a large inter-individual variability in the responses, which may relate to individual morphine metabolism.David Wang, Andrew A. Somogyi, Brendon J. Yee, Keith K. Wong, Jasminder Kaur, Paul J. Wrigley, Ronald R. Grunstei