The Relation Between Working Time of A Mother with the Success of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Bergas Lor Village, Bourgas District

The Government has determined exclusive breastfeeding from birth to six months but some women are not exclusively breastfeeding baby until six months of age. The time for work outside home takes up to more than eight hours is one of many factors that cause the mother didn’t give exclusive breastfeeding. The goal of this study is to examine the relation between the working time of mother with the success of exclusive breastfeeding in Bergas Lor village, Bourgas district. The design of this research used correlative study with cross-sectional approach. The samples were all working mothers who have children from 7 to 12 months in February 2013 and 43 mothers became samples by using purposive sampling, and data collecting used questionnaires. The data analysis used Chi-Square test. The result showed from 43 surveyed respondents,28 mothers (65.1%) worked more than 8 hours/day, and 30 mothers (69.8%) didn’t get successful to give exclusive breastfeeding. The conclusion of the Chi-Square test based on Yates’ Continuity Correction gets X2value 4.268 with p-value 0.039. Because of p-value < α (0.05), Null Hypothesis was rejected and concluded that there was a relation between the working time of mother with the success of exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers should breastfeed their babies exclusively from childbirth until six months by using the facilities of the breastfeeding room or by storing her breast milk in the refrigerator before going to work. Keywords: Working mothers; working time; the success of exclusive; breastfeedin

SYNTHESIS OF ACTIVATED CARBONS FROM PUTRESCIBLE SOLID WASTE FOR TREATING TEXTILE DYE EFFLUENT

In the present study an attempt has been made to compare the adsorption efficiency of activated carbons (PVW and PFW) prepared from putrescible solid waste. Methylene blue dye (MB) was selected as the model compound. Activated carbons were characterized to find their adsorption capacity. Batch mode adsorption studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of various parameters. BET surface area was found to be 603.7 and 227.3 m2g-1 for PVW and PFW respectively. The adsorption followed pseudo second order kinetics for both the adsorbents. The isotherm data concluded that the adsorption of MB onto both the adsorbents is monolayer and chemisorption in nature. The adsorbents showed a maximum desorption of 40.2% for PVW and 70.1 % for PFW. Batch mode adsorption was carried out with textile dye effluent and the results confirmed that the activated carbons can be employed as effective adsorbents for improving their quality. Â

Molecular characterization and antioxidant activity of Volkameria inermis L.

The present investigation aimed to study the genomic characterization and free radical scavenging potential of a traditional plant Volkameria inermis. A chloroplast genome rbcL was used in molecular characterization and it revealed the phylogeny and evolutionary affinities of V. inermis with the outgroups of the family through BLAST search based on Neighbor-Joining (NJ) analysis. The free radical scavenging potential of various extracts of V. inermis was observed at different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μg/mL) in DPPH and ABTS in vitro models. Ascorbic acid (DPPH) and Trolox (ABTS) were used as standard. In DPPH assay, among the different extracts (hexane, chloroform, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water) tested, methanol showed maximum scavenging activity with the IC50 value of 28.33μg/mL followed by acetone with the IC50 value of 31.937μg/mL. The other extracts, ethanol and water extracts showed moderate activity with the IC 50 value of 82.558 μg/mL and 81.758μg/mL; chloroform and hexane showed very lower antioxidant activity and the IC50 values are 518.776μg/mL, 1066.16μg/mL accordingly. In ABTS assay, methanol was observed as a highly active extracts with the IC50 value of 70.196μg/mL followed by ethanol extract (103.078μg/mL). The results showed that the methanol extract exhibits strong antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS assays. The scavenging efficiency showed dose dependent increase in concentration absorption compared to Ascorbic acid and Trolox. Our findings provide the molecular identification and evidence for the potential of Volkameria inermis as a source of natural antioxidants

Kesesuaian Genotipe Kedelai Untuk Tanaman Sela Di Bawah Tegakan Pohon Karet

This research was aimed to identify shade-tolerant soybean genotypes that was suitable for planting under rubber tree plantation. The research was conducted at three locations of rubber tree plantation in Central and East Lampung where the rubber tree were at age of 3 to 4 years, during dry season of 2011. The materials consisted of 30 soybean genotypes, where 23 lines were shadetolerant, and seven were as check varieties (Pangrango, Burangrang, Malabar, Argomulyo, Grobogan, Ijen, and Tanggamus). Each genotype was planted in plot of 4 m x 2.2 m, plant spacing was 40 cm x 15 cm, two plants /hill. The experiment used a randomized block design, repeated four times. Before planting, dolomite of 1.5 t/ha was applied, and 75 kg Urea / ha + 100 SP36 kg/ha + 100 kg KCl /ha was applied at planting time. Observations were done on flowering date, harvesting date, plant height, number of branches, number of reproductive nodes, number of pods, seed weight per plant and grain yield. The light intensity under the rubber tree canopy was observed every week after the soybean age was 30 days (DAP), at 11:00 to 12:00 pm. The levels of shade made by the rubber tree canopy at three locations were different; at Tulangbalak (East Lampung) and Gunungsari (Central Lampung) ranged between 20% to 40%, at Gunungadi (Central Lampung) between 40% to 60%. Genotypes IBM22-861-2-22-3-1 and AI26-1114-8-28-1-2 yielded consistently well in two locations, in East Lampung (1.40 t/ha and 1.43 t/ha), in Central Lampung (1.19 t/ha and 1.18 t/ha). Genotype IBM22-861-2-22-3-1 and AI26-1114-8-28-1-2 produced the highest average yield out of the three locations, i.e 1.13 t/ha. Genotype IBM22-861-2-22-3-1 and AI26-1114-8-28-1-2 were considered as suitable genotypes for planting under the rubber tree of 3 to 4 years of age

Pengaruh Return on Asset Dan Net Profit Margin Terhadap Praktik Perataan Laba Pada Perusahaan Automotif Yang Tercatat Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

The stock market is an institution which has a characteristic intermeditasi and competitive advantage and a greater level of openness compared to other institutions. One of the parameters used to measure the performance of management is profit, the tendency of investors focused on earnings information regardless of the procedures used to generate information on earnings, thus encouraging the emergence of Disfunctional Behavior (improper conduct). The form of improper conduct arising in relation to earnings is the practice of income smoothing (income smoothing). This study uses secondary data obtained from financial statement data automotive sector companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2003 to 2007. Purposive sampling technique of sampling, with independent variables Return On Assets, Net Profit Margin, and the dependent variable is earnings smoothing. Statistical analysis used to test the effect of return on assets and net profit margin on the practice of income smoothing is a logistic regression analysis. The results of this study concluded that the net profit margin effect on income smoothing, while return on assets does not affect the income smoothing

Kemampuan Mahasiswa Calon Guru Biologi dalam Merancang Pembelajaran Berbasis Praktikum: Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi FKIP UMS

This research aimed to analyze Biology students\u27 pre-service teacher education ability in designing practice based learning. It was a descriptive research. Research subject were students of pre-service teacher education in Biology education department faculty of teacher training and education Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta (UMS) which took the PPBS course which amounted to 39 students. Data the ability of students in designing Biology practice based learning obtained from the lesson plan which was developed with the result of their trial in the classroom. Result of this research showed that most of students have been able in designing practice based learning. Lesson plan assessment results show that on average the average score is highest in recognizing aspects of laboratory equipment (78.5) while the lowest is in the planning aspects of the experimental procedure (69.5). If the views of the average total, then generally the value obtained by the students in designing lesson plan included in the category quite well (73.5). The assessment results show that the achievement of learning simulation highest value contained in readiness indicator space, tools, and media lab (77.5), while the lowest for the indicators to guide students to experiment (67.5). If seen from the average value of the overall indicator, the value of students\u27 ability to perform simulations lesson plan included in the category quite well (71.8). The ability of students in designing the lab is one aspect of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) to be controlled by the student as a professional teacher candidates

EVALUATION OF YIELD AND YIELD PARAMETERS IN DIFFERENT RICE FARMING SYSTEMS AND WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

An experiment was undertaken in a farmer's field in Chidambaram Sathamangalam, Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, during Navarai 2021 to the evaluation of yield and yield parameters in different rice farming systems and weed management practices. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with four replications, two main treatments with different rice farming systems viz, M1-Monocropping and M2-Annamalai rice + fish + poultry farming system and three sub treatments with weed management practices viz., S1 – unweeded control, S2 – twice hand weeding on 20 and 40 DAT, S3 – pre emergence (PE) application through tank mix of butachlor (50 % EC) @ 1.25   kg a.i. ha-1+ 2,4-DEE (38 % EC) @ 0.6 kg a.i. ha-1. The results indicated that, in farming systems the Annamalai rice + fish + poultry farming system (M2) show significant performance on the various yield parameters than rice monocropping (M1). In weed management practices, twice hand weeding in on 20 and 40 DAT (S2) recorded the highest yield parameters. It was followed by PE application through tank mix of butachlor (50 % EC) @ 1.25 kg a.i. ha-1 + 2,4-DEE (38 % EC) @ 0.6 kg a.i. ha-1 (S3). The lowest yield parameters were registered in unweeded control (S1). Among interactions, Annamalai rice + fish + poultry farming system along with two hand weedings on 20 and 40 DAT (M2S2) recorded significantly the highest yield parameters during Samba 2020. This was followed by Annamalai rice + fish + poultry farming system along with PE application through tank mix of butachlor (50 % EC) @ 1.25 kg a.i. ha-1 + 2,4-DEE (38 % EC) @ 0.6 kg a.i. ha-1 (M2S3) in Navarai 2021 cropping season. The season's lowest yield characteristics were observed in monocultures of rice grown without weed management (M1S1). By recording the maximum yield parameters during Navarai 2021, the Annamalai rice + fish + poultry farming system performs much better than rice monocropping

Early predictors of PIH: serum β-HCG and lipid profile

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate β-HCG and lipid profile in early second trimester and analyse whether these parameters can be used as predictors of PIH.Methods: 180 antenatal women in second trimester (14-20 weeks) attending antenatal clinic were taken as study population. Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, HDL, β-hCG was measured. All patients were followed till delivery and observed for development of PIH. Results was evaluated and analysed statistically.Results: Out of 180 cases, 173 cases were evaluated. Among 173 cases, 87.86% were normotensive. 8.09% developed mild PIH and 4.05% developed severe PIH. There was significant increase in values of β-hCG (p<0.001) and total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins and very low density lipoprotein (p<0.001) and significant decrease in values of high density lipoprotein (p<0.001) in those women who developed PIH.Conclusions: Measurement of all these parameters in early second trimester can help in predicting PIH. By proper follow up of these patients, early detection and better management of PIH and its complications is possible which would improve the maternal and fetal outcome

Maternal mortality: analysis of causes and preventable factors

Background: The aim of this study of maternal deaths is to analyze the causes, whether preventable or not and if preventable to find out the factors that can decrease the maternal mortality.Methods: A retrospective study of maternal deaths from January 2015 to December 2015.Results: There was a total of 56 maternal deaths out of 6976 live births giving the MMR of 802/1,00,000 live births. The MMR is high as it is an institution MMR and this is tertiary care institution which caters to 3 districts. Late referrals were 64.28%. The majority of deaths were in the 21-25 age groups and around term 33 (58.92%). Hypertensive disorders was the commonest cause of death 15 (26.78%) followed by hemorrhage 10 (17.8%) and sepsis 7 (12.5%) and CVT 7 (12.5%). 90% of cases were preventable.Conclusions: Hypertensive disorder pregnancy was found to be the direct major causes of death. Although booking level is high, health education of women, early identification of PIH and its management, early identification of anaemia and prompt correction, early referral, judicious use of IV fluids, blood products and drugs can prevent more than 90% of maternal deaths