1,253 research outputs found
Solution of the Boussinesq equations by means of the finite element method
A finite element method is presented for the computation of flows that are influenced by buoyancy forces. The accuracy of several finite elements is studied by solving the Bénard problem and determining the critical Rayleigh number. It is found that the accuracy is greatly enhanced if the shape functions satisfy a certain requirement that arises from the physical nature of the problem
Why Do Cascade Sizes Follow a Power-Law?
We introduce random directed acyclic graph and use it to model the
information diffusion network. Subsequently, we analyze the cascade generation
model (CGM) introduced by Leskovec et al. [19]. Until now only empirical
studies of this model were done. In this paper, we present the first
theoretical proof that the sizes of cascades generated by the CGM follow the
power-law distribution, which is consistent with multiple empirical analysis of
the large social networks. We compared the assumptions of our model with the
Twitter social network and tested the goodness of approximation.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted to WWW 201
Mapping potential soil erosion in East Africa using the Universal Soil Loss Equation and secondary data
Toepassingsmogelijkheden van Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) in rozen en sierheesters
Boomkwekerijgewassen, zoals rozen en siergewassen, zijn in diverse stadia van de keten gevoelig voor kwaliteitsverlies. Dit kan uitdroging zijn door vochttekort, verrotting bij vochtovermaat of ongewenst uitlopen van het product. Uit eerder onderzoek is gebleken dat toepassing van zogenaamde Modified Atmosphere folies (MA, zie kader) al dan niet in combinatie met bepaalde vulmiddelen dergelijke problemen sterk kan verminderen en daarmee de houdbaarheid van producten kan verlengen. Dit rapport geeft de resultaten van een onderzoek naar de mogelijkheden van toepassing van MA-folie bij bewaring van rozen en siergewassen in verschillende delen van de keten
Statistical Mechanics of Semi-Supervised Clustering in Sparse Graphs
We theoretically study semi-supervised clustering in sparse graphs in the
presence of pairwise constraints on the cluster assignments of nodes. We focus
on bi-cluster graphs, and study the impact of semi-supervision for varying
constraint density and overlap between the clusters. Recent results for
unsupervised clustering in sparse graphs indicate that there is a critical
ratio of within-cluster and between-cluster connectivities below which clusters
cannot be recovered with better than random accuracy. The goal of this paper is
to examine the impact of pairwise constraints on the clustering accuracy. Our
results suggests that the addition of constraints does not provide automatic
improvement over the unsupervised case. When the density of the constraints is
sufficiently small, their only impact is to shift the detection threshold while
preserving the criticality. Conversely, if the density of (hard) constraints is
above the percolation threshold, the criticality is suppressed and the
detection threshold disappears.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
The Chemical Origins of Plasma Contraction and Thermalization in CO2 Microwave Discharges
Thermalization of electron and gas temperature in CO2 microwave plasma is unveiled with the first Thomson scattering measurements. The results contradict the prevalent picture of an increasing electron temperature that causes discharge contraction. It is known that as pressure increases, the radial extension of the plasma reduces from ∼7 mm diameter at 100 mbar to ∼2 mm at 400 mbar. We find that, simultaneously, the initial nonequilibrium between ∼2 eV electron and ∼0.5 eV gas temperature reduces until thermalization occurs at 0.6 eV. 1D fluid modeling, with excellent agreement with measurements, demonstrates that associative ionization of radicals, a mechanism previously proposed for air plasma, causes the thermalization. In effect, heavy particle and heat transport and thermal chemistry govern electron dynamics, a conclusion that provides a basis for ab initio prediction of power concentration in plasma reactors
Resolving discharge parameters from atomic oxygen emission
A method is proposed to spatially resolve discharge parameters from experimental measurements of emission intensity and 1D numerical simulations including an O atom collisional-radiative model. The method can be used for different plasmas and conditions. Here, contracted microwave discharges for CO2 conversion are studied at intermediate to high pressures (100–300 mbar). Radial profiles of electron density (ne) are used as input in the model and corrected to successfully simulate the measured Gaussian profiles of emission intensity of the 777 nm transition (I777). As a result, radially-resolved parameters inaccessible in experiments, such as ne, power density (Pabs), electron temperature (Te), electric field and reaction rates, are numerically-obtained for several conditions. ne and Pabs approximately follow Gaussian profiles that are broader than that of I777. For pressures below 150 mbar, the difference in full width at half maximum is typically a factor 1.6. This consists in a phenomenon of optical contraction, which is due to concave profiles of O molar fraction and Te. The implications of the simulated profiles on the study of plasmas for CO2 conversion are discussed and it is shown that these profiles allow to explain high reactor performances at low pressures
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