Self-determination of youth and traditional moral values: the role of Russian literature

The article aims to prove the assumption that along with the known approaches to encouraging cultural diversity in education (critical, pluralistic, acculturation), a new methodological approach should be defined – that of forming the culturally-oriented world-view on the basis of personal self-determination in the traditional moral values, as represented in the national culture. The authors present their own definition of traditional moral values and analyse the way they are reflected in the classical Russian literature. The authors present the results of a field study designed to determine whether this reflective tradition is followed or interrupted in the modern Russian prose in the end of ХХth – beginning of XXIst centuries

The formation of professional and moral culture of civil engineer in the period of training in a higher educational institution

Article is devoted to the formation of professional and moral culture of the future civil engineer in training in higher education, the role of the educational process in the development of moral and attitudes necessary for successful mastery of the professionCтатья посвящена формированию профессионально-нравственной культуры будущего инженера-строителя в период обучения в высшем учебном заведении, роли учебного процесса в выработке системы морально-психологических установок, необходимых для успешного овладения профессие

The Role of Vesicles in Transporting of Cholera Toxin

The review reports on the secretion pathways of the main virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae, cholera toxin, both through the two-stage Sec-dependent type 2 secretion system and with the help of vesicles of the outer membrane of V. cholerae. The ways of toxin transfer into the host organism, depending on its form, are discussed. The well-studied free soluble cholera toxin is secreted extracellularly and transmitted in a GM1-dependent manner through cholesterolrich lipid rafts. The transfer of cholera toxin associated with vesicles has advantages over free toxin, because substances inside the outer membrane vesicles are protected from external proteases and host antibodies by the membrane that forms the vesicle. Vesicular transporting of cholera toxin into the target cell occurs via clathrin-dependent, caveolin-dependent and lipid raft-dependent endocytosis. The specific transport route is determined by the structure of the vesicles. Clathrindependent endocytosis is described for V. cholerae strains cultivated at low osmolarity of the medium, whose outer membrane vesicles contain the cholera toxin subunit A inside. Lipid raft-dependent endocytosis is characteristic of vesicles in which cholera toxin is located on the surface. In addition, endocytosis of V. cholerae outer membrane vesicles through structures known as caveolae is presented

Genetically Determined Folate Deficiency Is Associated With Abnormal Hepatic Folate Profiles in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

Increased levels of plasma cysteine are associated with obesity and metabolic disturbances. Our recent genetic analyses in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) revealed a mutated Folr1 (folate receptor 1) as the quantitative trait gene associated with diminished renal Folr1 expression, lower plasma folate levels, hypercysteinemia, hyperhomocysteinemia and metabolic disturbances. To further analyse the effects of the Folr1 gene expression on folate metabolism, we used mass spectrometry to quantify folate profiles in the plasma and liver of an SHR-1 congenic strain, with wild type Folr1 allele on the SHR genetic background, and compared them with the SHR strain. In the plasma, concentration of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5mTHF) was significantly higher in SHR-1 congenic rats compared to SHR (60±6 vs. 42±2 nmol/l, P<0.01) and 5mTHF monoglutamate was the predominant form in both strains (>99 % of total folate). In the liver, SHR-1 congenic rats showed a significantly increased level of 5mTHF and decreased concentrations of dihydrofolate (DHF), tetrahydrofolate (THF) and formyl-THF when compared to the SHR strain. We also analysed the extent of folate glutamylation in the liver. Compared with the SHR strain, congenic wild-type Folr1 rats had significantly higher levels of 5mTHF monoglutamate. On the other hand, 5mTHF penta- and hexaglutamates were significantly higher in SHR when compared to SHR-1 rats. This inverse relationship of rat hepatic folate polyglutamate chain length and folate sufficiency was also true for other folate species. These results strongly indicate that the whole body homeostasis of folates is substantially impaired in SHR rats compared to the SHR-1 congenic strain and might be contributing to the associated metabolic disturbances observed in our previous studies

Hydrodeoxygenation of Isoeugenol over Ni- and Co-Supported Catalysts

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of isoeugenol was investigated over several Ni (Ni/SiO2, Ni/graphite) and Co (Co/SBA-15, Co/SiO2, Co/TiO2, Co/Al2O3) catalysts at 200 and 300 degrees C under 30 bar hydrogen pressure in a batch reactor. The catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method and systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis, organic elemental, and thermogravimetrical analysis before and after the reaction. Analysis of the liquid, solid, and gaseous products was performed to identify isoeugenol transformation pathways. The maximum yield of the desired propylcyclohexane (PCH) (63%) and the highest sum of masses of reactants and products in the liquid phase based on GC results (GCLPA) (79%) were obtained over 10 wt % Co/SBA-15. HDO of isoeugenol over 11 wt % Co/SiO2 resulted in 50% PCH yield with a rather similar GCLPA of 73%. Low yields of PCH and the liquid phase mass balance closure were obtained over highly dispersed 15 wt % Co/Al2O3 and 15 wt % Co/TiO2. PCH yield was 60% over Ni/graphite and 44% over Ni/SiO2 after 4 h with GCLPA values of 73 and 70%, correspondingly. Overall PCH yields increased in the following order: Co/TiO2 < Co/Al2O3 < Ni/SiO2 < Co/SiO2 < Ni/graphite < Co/SBA-15. Regeneration and reuse of industrially relevant 11 wt % Co/SiO2 was succesfully demonstrated

Interactions between Iron and Nickel in Fe–Ni Nanoparticles on Y Zeolite for Co-Processing of Fossil Feedstock with Lignin-Derived Isoeugenol

A set of low-cost monometallic Fe, Ni, and bimetallic Fe–Ni bifunctional H–Y-5.1 catalysts with different metal ratios were synthesized by sequential incipient wetness impregnation. The catalysts were characterized in detail by N$_2$ physisorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with pyridine, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM–SEM), magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Mössbauer spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The results revealed that introduction of Fe led to a decrease of strong acid sites and an increase of medium Brønsted acid sites, while introduction of Ni increased the number of Lewis acid sites. The particle size of iron was approx. 5 nm, being ca. fourfold higher for nickel. XPS demonstrated higher iron content on the catalyst surface compared to nickel. Both Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic measurement confirmed the ferromagnetic behavior of all catalysts. In addition, the results from XRD, TEM, XPS, XAS, and magnetization suggested strong Fe–Ni nanoparticle interactions, which were supported by modeling of TPR profiles. Catalytic results of the co-processing of fossil feedstock with lignin-derived isoeugenol clearly showed that both product distribution and activity of Fe–Ni catalysts strongly depend on the metals’ ratio and their interactions. Key properties affected by the Fe–Ni metal ratio, which played a positive role in co-processing, were a smaller medial metal nanoparticle size (<6 nm), a lower metal–acid site ratio, as well as presence in the catalyst of fcc FeNi alloy structure and fcc Ni doped with Fe

Hydrodeoxygenation of Isoeugenol over Alumina-Supported Ir, Pt, and Re Catalysts

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of isoeugenol (IE) was investigated using bimetallic iridium rhenium and platinum rhenium catalysts supported on alumina in the temperature and pressure ranges of 200-250 degrees C and 17-40 bar in nonpolar dodecane as a solvent. The main parameters were catalyst type, hydrogen pressure, and initial concentration. Nearly quantitative yield of the desired product, propylcyclohexane (PCH), at complete conversion in 240 min was obtained with Ir-Re/Al2O3 prepared by the deposition-precipitation method using 0.1 mol/L IE initial concentration. High iridium dispersion together with a modification effect of rhenium provided in situ formation of the IrRe active component with reproducible catalytic activity for selective HDO of IE to PCH. The reaction rate was shown to increase with the increasing initial IE concentration promoting also HDO and giving a higher liquid phase mass balance. Increasing hydrogen pressure benefits the PCH yield

Invertebrates of Siberia, a potential source of animal protein for innovative food production. 1. The keelback slugs (Gastropoda: Limacidae)

The use of terrestrial invertebrates occurring in Siberia as a source of nutrients is an innovative form of new quality food production in North Asia. The species available for this production should be qualified by necessary criteria; for example, they should be common in the region and easily obtainable, free from restriction or prohibition as rare or protected species, adapted to regional environmental conditions, and their bodies should be free from toxins and allergens. They should also be unpretentious in terms of housing, consumption of cheap and suitable feed which provides a satisfactory increase in biomass and contains necessary nutrients in the required ratio. Several local species of terrestrial molluscs and insects fit these criteria and have been were selected as model species, such as the yellow slug Limacus flavus (Linnaeus, 1758) which has been studied in detail. Individuals of this slug were collected from a subterranean vegetable store in the city of Novosibirsk, and reared for 5 months under laboratory conditions with different lighting, humidity and temperature. Standard vegetables for winter storage, carrot, cabbage and potato (the preferred ingredient), were provided to the slugs. The most effective factors for the development of body weight and size of the slugs were registered in the dark under moderate humidity and temperature. Average weight and length of slugs at the beginning of the experiment in March 2022 were 0.62 gram and 3.42 mm, and at the end of the experiment in August 2022 were 3.67 gram and 5.76 mm (respectively x 5.9 and x 1.7). Therefore, basement and underground cold premises lacking constant lighting and provided with potato waste as a feeding substrate appear to be optimal for raising and rearing this slug species; naturally this would be of particular interest for food production in regions with cold climate conditions

Пенолиты – новый тип эндогенных горных пород (о. Бельковский, Россия)

The results of a comprehensive study of a slag-like sideritolite, a representative of a previously unknown genetic type of rock, are summarized. The nano- microstructural features, chemical composition, trace elements, the constitution and the spectroscopic properties of the pore-forming and accessory minerals were investigated. Using the mineralogical and ontogenetic method, the history of rock formation was defined. Penoliths, the slag-like sideritolite, may be identified as a new genetic type of endogenous rocks formed directly in the bubbly foam.Обобщены результаты комплексного изучения шлакоподобного сидеритолита – представителя ранее неизвестного генетического типа горных пород. Исследованы наномикроструктурные особенности, химический состав, микроэлементы, конституция и спектроскопические свойства породообразующих и акцессорных минералов. С использованием минералого-онтогенического метода расшифрована история образования породы, сделан вывод о том, что шлакоподобный сидеритолит может быть определен как представитель нового генетического типа эндогенных горных пород – пенолитов, образующихся непосредственно в пузыристой пене