Coherent and incoherent bands in La and Rh doped Sr3Ir2O7

In Sr2IrO4 and Sr3Ir2O7, correlations, magnetism and spin-orbit coupling compete on similar energy scales, creating a new context to study metal-insulator transitions (MIT). We use here Angle-Resolved photoemission to investigate the MIT as a function of hole and electron doping in Sr3Ir2O7, obtained respectively by Ir/Rh and Sr/La substitutions. We show that there is a clear reduction as a function of doping of the gap between a lower and upper band on both sides of the Fermi level, from 0.2eV to 0.05eV. Although these two bands have a counterpart in band structure calculations, they are characterized by a very different degree of coherence. The upper band exhibits clear quasiparticle peaks, while the lower band is very broad and loses weight as a function of doping. Moreover, their ARPES spectral weights obey different periodicities, reinforcing the idea of their different nature. We argue that a very similar situation occurs in Sr2IrO4 and conclude that the physics of the two families is essentially the same

Electric and Motor responses of the Weakly electric fish, Gnathonemus petersii (Mormyridae), to play-back of social signals

1. Seven isolated G. petersii resting in their daytime hiding-places were stimulated via a dipole model (Fig. 1a) with previously tape-recorded electric organ discharge (EOD) patterns in an attempt to determine whether G. petersii distinguishes two different intraspecific EOD patterns, rest and attack. 2. Rest pattern A was characterized by a broad distribution of EOD intervals, a low mean discharge rate (8 Hz, Fig. 3), and a long period of significantly positive autocorrelation (2 s, Fig. 4a). Accordingly, the spectrum of EOD rate fluctuations showed a low frequency range (0.005 to 0.12 Hz, Fig. 5a). Attack pattern B was a considerably different EOD interval distribution of high mean discharge rate (25 Hz, Fig. 3), showing a short period of significantly positive autocorrelation (0.8 s, Fig. 4b), only. Here, the spectrum of EOD rate fluctuations was at a considerably higher frequency range (0.09 to 0.47 Hz, Fig. 5b). 3. Play-back of attack pattern B elicited significantly more bodily startle responses from the experimental fish (Fig. 6) than did the rest pattern A (Table 1). Also the number of attacks directed at the dipolemodel was significantly greater during stimulation with attack pattern B (Table 2, Fig. 6). 4. The EOD responses of the experimental fish differed in several respects depending on which stimulation pattern was used. The modes of the pulse rate histograms as well as their spans were lower during play-back of rest pattern A than during stimulation with attack pattern B (average 12.3 vs 16.2 Hz, and average 47 vs 56 Hz, respectively; Fig. 11). Shortterm (0.2 s) EOD rate correlations were stronger when the fish were stimulated with rest pattern A than when they were stimulated with attack pattern B (average correlations 0.67 and 0.61, respectively; Figs. 10 and 11). Significant positive correlations were maintained for longer periods of time during rest pattern stimulation than during attack pattern stimulation (average 1.94 and 1.24 s, respectively; Figs. 10 and 11). The spectra of EOD rate fluctuations of the stimulated fish were at lower frequency ranges during rest pattern stimulation than during attack pattern stimulation (average amplitude-spectrum peak frequencies 0.02 and 0.07 Hz, respectively; Figs. 12 and 13). 5. Although maximal cross-correlations from the EOD rates to the stimulus pulse rates were weaker during rest pattern stimulation (average 0.2) than during attack pattern stimulation (average 0.33), significant cross-correlations were maintained for longer periods of time during rest pattern stimulation than during attack pattern stimulation (average 1.78 and 0.92 s, respectively). The lags of maximal cross-correlations were greater during rest pattern stimulation than during attack pattern stimulation (average 2.6 and 0.8 s, respectively; Figs. 14 and 15). 6. The results clearly showed that at least two specific EOD time patterns encode different lsquomessagesrsquo in the intraspecific communication system of G. petersii

Quality Assessment of Reporting of Economic Evaluation in Cardiac Sugery: Has it Improved?

OBJECTIVES: Cardiac surgery has seen substantial scientific progress over recent decades. Health economic evaluations have become important tools for decision makers to prioritize scarce health resources. The present study aimed to identify and critically appraise the reporting quality of health economic evaluations conducted in the field of cardiac surgery. METHODS: A literature search was performed to identify health economic evaluations in cardiac surgery. The consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement was used to assess the quality of reporting of studies. RESULTS: A total 4,705 articles published between 1981 and 2016 were identified; sixty-nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There was a trend toward a greater number of publications and reporting quality over time. Six (8.7 percent) studies were conducted between 1981 and 1990, nine (13 percent) between 1991 and 2000, twenty-four (34.8 percent) between 2001 and 2010, and thirty (43.5 percent) after 2011. The mean CHEERS score of all articles was 16.7/24; for those published between 1980 and 1990 the mean (SD) score was 10.2 (+/-1.4), for those published between 1991 and 2000 it was 11.2 (+/-2.4), between 2001 and 2010 it was 15.3 (+/-4.8), and after 2011 it was 19.9 (+/-2.9). The quality of reporting was still insufficient for several studies after 2000, especially concerning items "characterizing heterogeneity," "assumptions," and "choice of model." CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that, even if the quantity and the quality of health economics evaluation in cardiac surgery has increased, there remains a need for improvement in several reporting criteria to ensure greater transparency

Coherent and incoherent bands in La and Rh doped Sr3_3 Ir2_2 O7_7

International audienceIn Sr$_2$ IrO$_4$ and Sr$_3$ Ir$_2$ O$_7$ , correlations, magnetism, and spin-orbit coupling compete on similar energy scales, creating a new context to study metal-insulator transitions (MIT). We use here angle-resolved photoemission to investigate the MIT as a function of hole and electron doping in Sr$_3$ Ir$_2$ O$_7$ , obtained respectively by Ir/Rh and Sr/La substitutions. We show that there is a clear reduction as a function of doping of the gap between a lower and upper band on both sides of the Fermi level, from 0.2 to 0.05 eV. Although these two bands have a counterpart in band structure calculations, they are characterized by a very different degree of coherence. The upper band exhibits clear quasiparticle peaks, while the lower band is very broad and loses weight as a function of doping. Moreover, their ARPES spectral weights obey different periodicities, reinforcing the idea of their different nature. We argue that a very similar situation occurs in Sr$_2$ IrO$_4$ and conclude that the physics of the two families is essentially the same

Myocardial infarction: Economic, health, and social impacts on informal caregivers

International audienceOBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to measure the economic impact of informal care (IC) on caregivers assisting myocardial infarction (MI) survivors in France. Health and social impacts were also described. METHODS: Data from the prospective 2008 Health and Disabilities Households Survey (Enquête Handicap-Santé), carried out among the French general population, were used to obtain information about patients with MI and their informal caregivers. To estimate the approximate monetary value of IC, three methods were used: the proxy good method, opportunity cost method (OCM), and contingent valuation method (CVM). A multivariate analysis was performed to determine the associations of the IC duration and the existence of professional care with the health indicators stated by caregivers. RESULTS: The analysis included data from 147 caregivers. The mean value of IC ranged from €9,679 per year using the CVM to €11,288 per year using the OCM (p \textgreater .05). The mean willingness to pay for an additional hour of IC was €10.9 (SD = 8.3). A total of 46.2 percent of caregivers reported that IC negatively affected theirs physical condition, and 46.3 percent reported that it negatively affected their psychological health. In addition, 40.1 percent declared that caregiving activity made them anxious and 38.8 percent stated they felt alone. Associations were identified between the duration of IC and feeling the need to be replaced, feeling alone and making sacrifices (p \textless .05). CONCLUSIONS: Informal caregiver burden may be recognized in health technology assessment in order not to underestimate the cost of strategies and to facilitate the comparability of cost-effectiveness outcomes between studies