Simulation And Analysis Of Indian Air Traffic

Air Traffic Density In India And The World At Large Is Growing Fast . The Airspace And Air Traffic Management Therefore Need Augmentation Of System Capability Without Compromising Safety . This Report Addresses The Judicious Use Of Simulation Facilities To Predict Present And Futuristic Problems. It Is Intended To Help Service Providers Plan And Come Out With Strategies For Air Traffic Management. "State Of The Art Simulation Facilities Are Also Useful In Training A Team Of Reliable, Safe And Efficient Air Traffic Controllers . The Report Presents Results Of Simulation Of Three International Airports : One Existing In Bangalore, The One Planned At Devanahalli And The One In Cochin . The Problems Addressed Are Those Of Delay Encountered At The Three Airports, Controller Workload And Noise Contours Around The Bangalore Aerodrome

Modelling,simulation, and analysis of HAL Bangalore13; international airport

Air traffic density in India and the world at large is growing fast and posing challenging13; problems. The problems encountered can be parameterized as flight delay, workload of air traffic13; controllers and noise levels in and around aerodromes. Prediction and quantification of these13; parameters aid in developing strategies for efficient air traffic management. In this study, the13; method used for quantifying is by simulation and analysis of the selected aerodrome and air13; space. This paper presents the results of simulation of HAL Bangalore International Airport,13; which is used by civil as well as military aircraft. With the test flying of unscheduled military13; aircraft and the increase in the civil air traffic, this airport is hitting the limit of acceptable delay.13; The workload on air traffic controllers is pushed to high during peak times. The noise contour13; prediction, especially for the test flying military aircraft is sounding a wake up call to the13; communities living in the vicinity of the Airport.13

A note on the solution of fuzzy transportation problem using fuzzy linear system

In this paper, we discuss the solution of a fuzzy transportation problem, with fuzzy quantities. The problem is solved in two stages. In the first stage, the fuzzy transportation problem is reduced to crisp system by using the lower and upper bounds of fuzzy quantities. In the second stage, the crisp transportation problems are solved by usual simplex method. The procedure is illustrated with numerical examples

Conservation of an endemic medicinal plant, Anaphalis eliptica DC. by employing plant tissue culture technique

The plant species, Anaphalis elliptica DC. (Asteraceae) is a medicinal herb endemic to high hills of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats. The in vitro propagation study of this species by using leaf, node and shoot tip explants, revealed the following results: Among the three explants used, leaf and node responded well for callus and shoot initiations respectively. The leaf explant produced callus effectively (91%) in the MS medium supplemented with BAP and NAA at 2.5 and 0.3 mg/l respectively, whereas the nodal explant produced higher amount of shoots (92%) in the basal medium containing the growth regulator, BAP alone at 3.0 mg/l. The leaf derived callus produced higher (80%) shoot initials and shoot multiplication in the MS medium augmented with BAP and NAA at 3.0 and 0.5mg/l respectively. Similarly, the in vitro nodal derived shoots produced higher shoot multiplication (87%) in MS medium supplemented with BAP at 3.0mg/l. The regenerated shoots of both the explants were successfully rooted on MS medium supplemented with IBA and NAA at 1.0mg/l each. After sequential hardening the leaf callus derived plantlets registered higher survivability rate (80%) in the hardening medium containing decomposed coir waste, perlite and compost in the ratio of 1:1:1 by volume. Similarly, the survivability rate of nodal derived plantlets was higher (84%) in the hardening medium composed by vermicompost and soil in the ratio of 1:1 by volume

Bifurcations and Chaos in Time Delayed Piecewise Linear Dynamical Systems

We reinvestigate the dynamical behavior of a first order scalar nonlinear delay differential equation with piecewise linearity and identify several interesting features in the nature of bifurcations and chaos associated with it as a function of the delay time and external forcing parameters. In particular, we point out that the fixed point solution exhibits a stability island in the two parameter space of time delay and strength of nonlinearity. Significant role played by transients in attaining steady state solutions is pointed out. Various routes to chaos and existence of hyperchaos even for low values of time delay which is evidenced by multiple positive Lyapunov exponents are brought out. The study is extended to the case of two coupled systems, one with delay and the other one without delay.Comment: 34 Pages, 14 Figure

Axial pipe-soil interaction behaviour of offshore pipelines

Pipe-soil interaction behaviour in the axial direction is an important design parameter for offshore pipe design. Governed primarily by the axial interaction behaviour, the undue thermal expansion of the pipe wall could cause the pipe to either freely expand, or buckle on the foundation seabed. Therefore, it is emphasized that by controlling the axial interaction behaviour, the overall pipe on-bottom stability can be effectively managed. This paper presents laboratory experiments performed at Monash University to understand the pipe-soil interaction behaviour in the axial direction. A special 2-D actuator test setup was developed to study axial walking of pipe on clay seabed under drained and undrained loading conditions. The effect of pipe loading rate, pipe embedment, and shutdown cycles on axial friction force were explored. Based on the experimental results, the pre-peak, peak and residual components of the axial force-displacement curve were identified and explained using a simplified theoretical framework

The leaf-feeding geometrid Isturgia disputaria (Guenee)-A potential biological control agent for prickly acacia, Vachellia nilotica subsp. indica (Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr. (Mimosaceae) in Australia

Prickly acacia (Vachellia nilotica subsp. indica), a native multipurpose tree in India, is a weed of National significance, and a target for biological control in Australia. Based on plant genetic and climatic similarities, native range surveys for identifying potential biological control agents for prickly acacia were conducted in India during 2008-2011. In the survey leaf-feeding geometrid, Isturgia disputaria Guenee (syn. Tephrina pulinda), widespread in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka States, was prioritized as a potential biological control agent based on field host range, damage potential and no choice test on non target plant species. Though the field host range study exhibited that V. nilotica ssp. indica and V. nilotica ssp. tomentosa were the primary hosts for successful development of the insect, I. disputaria, replicated no - choice larval feeding and development tests conducted on cut foliage and live plants of nine non-target acacia test plant species in India revealed the larval feeding and development on three of the nine non-target acacia species, V. tortilis, V. planiferons and V. leucophloea in addition to the V. nilotica ssp. indica and V. nilotica ssp. tomentosa. However, the proportion of larvae developing into adults was higher on V. nilotica subsp. indica and V. nilotica subsp. tomentosa, with 90% and 80% of the larvae completing development, respectively. In contrast, the larval mortality was higher on V. tortilis (70%), V. leucophloea (90%) and V. planiferons (70%). The no-choice test results support the earlier host specificity test results of I. disputaria from Pakistan, Kenya and under quarantine in Australia. Contrasting results between field host range and host use pattern under no-choice conditions are discussed

Preliminary phytochemical studies for the quantification of secondary metabolites of medicinal importance in the plant, Acalypha fruticosa Forssk

The medicinal plant, Acalypha fruticosa Forssk for the treatment of dyspepsia, stomachache, fever, jaundice, skin diseases and even as an antidote is generally distributed in different environments of tropical region in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. However, its occurrence is more common in lower hills of Western Ghats and other habitats in this region where the soil is stony with low moisture. So far, there was no study on the influence of habitat conditions on the change in the content of secondary metabolites of medicinal importance in this plant. Hence to know the changes in the content of such secondary metabolites in the leaves of A. fruticosa, the present study was undertaken in three different habitats. Thin layer chromatography revealed the presence of phytochemical compounds viz., alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins in the leaves of all the three populations. Further the content of all these compounds are found to be higher in the population of dry habitats

Scaling and synchronization in a ring of diffusively coupled nonlinear oscillators

Chaos synchronization in a ring of diffusively coupled nonlinear oscillators driven by an external identical oscillator is studied. Based on numerical simulations we show that by introducing additional couplings at $(mN_c+1)$-th oscillators in the ring, where $m$ is an integer and $N_c$ is the maximum number of synchronized oscillators in the ring with a single coupling, the maximum number of oscillators that can be synchronized can be increased considerably beyond the limit restricted by size instability. We also demonstrate that there exists an exponential relation between the number of oscillators that can support stable synchronization in the ring with the external drive and the critical coupling strength $\epsilon_c$ with a scaling exponent $\gamma$. The critical coupling strength is calculated by numerically estimating the synchronization error and is also confirmed from the conditional Lyapunov exponents (CLEs) of the coupled systems. We find that the same scaling relation exists for $m$ couplings between the drive and the ring. Further, we have examined the robustness of the synchronous states against Gaussian white noise and found that the synchronization error exhibits a power-law decay as a function of the noise intensity indicating the existence of both noise-enhanced and noise-induced synchronizations depending on the value of the coupling strength $\epsilon$. In addition, we have found that $\epsilon_c$ shows an exponential decay as a function of the number of additional couplings. These results are demonstrated using the paradigmatic models of R\"ossler and Lorenz oscillators.Comment: Accepted for Publication in Physical Review

Release of GLP-1 and PYY in response to the activation of G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 is mediated by Epac/PLC-ε pathway and modulated by endogenous H2S

Activation of plasma membrane TGR5 receptors in enteroendocrine cells by bile acids is known to regulate gastrointestinal secretion and motility and glucose homeostasis. The endocrine functions of the gut are modulated by microenvironment of the distal gut predominantly by sulfur-containing bacteria of the microbiota that produce H2S. However, the mechanisms involved in the release of peptide hormones, GLP-1 and PYY in response to TGR5 activation by bile acids and the effect of H2S on bile acid-induced release of GLP-1 and PYY are unclear. In the present study, we have identified the signaling pathways activated by the bile acid receptor TGR5 to mediate GLP-1 and PYY release and the mechanism of inhibition of their release by H2S in enteroendocrine cells. The TGR5 ligand oleanolic acid (OA) stimulated Gs and cAMP formation, and caused GLP-1 and PYY release. OA-induced cAMP formation and peptide release were blocked by TGR5 siRNA. OA also caused an increase in PI hydrolysis and intracellular Ca2+. Increase in PI hydrolysis was abolished in cells transfected with PLC-ε siRNA. 8-pCPT-2’-O-Me-cAMP, a selective activator of Epac, stimulated PI hydrolysis, and GLP-1 and PYY release. L-Cysteine, which activates endogenous H2S producing enzymes cystathionine--lyase and cystathionine--synthase, and NaHS and GYY4137, which generate H2S, inhibited PI hydrolysis and GLP-1 and PYY release in response to OA or 8-pCPT-2’-O-Me-cAMP. Propargylglycine, an inhibitor of CSE, reversed the effect of L-cysteine on PI hydrolysis and GLP-1 and PYY release. We conclude: i) activation of Gs-coupled TGR5 receptors causes stimulation of PI hydrolysis, and release of GLP-1 and PYY via a PKA-independent, cAMP-dependent mechanism involving Epac/PLC-/Ca2+ pathway, and ii) H2S has potent inhibitory effects on GLP-1 and PYY release in response to TGR5 activation, and the mechanism involves inhibition of PLC-/Ca2+ pathway