Протективные технологии современных методов респираторной поддержки в неонатальной практике

The article  presents  an analysis of literature data  on modern  protective regimens  for invasive respiratory support  in premature newborns  with respiratory distress  syndrome. We have considered positive and negative  aspects of the used methods  of invasive ventilation of the lungs, which are currently widely used as a method  of respiratory therapy  in obstetric hospitals  at any level, even in the category  of children  with extremely and very low birth weight. Modern  protective mechanical ventilation provides for 2 main directions for reducing ventilator-induced lung damage: a decrease in tidal volume (Vt) and the principle  of tolerable  (permissive) hypercapnia. The use of the technique of permissive hypercapnia and regimens with a target volume can reduce the likelihood of ventilator-induced lung injury in newborns. Despite the limited indications for mechanical ventilation in modern neonatology and the widespread use of non-invasive ventilation, for patients who really need mechanical ventilation, the use of volume-targeted regimens offers the best chance of reducing  ventilation complications.Представлен анализ литературы по применению современных протективных режимов инвазивной респираторной поддержки недоношенных новорожденных с респираторным дистресс-синдромом. Рассмотрены положительные и отрицательные стороны используемых методов инвазивной вентиляции легких, которые в настоящее время нашли широкое применение в качестве метода респираторной терапии в акушерских стационарах любого уровня, в том числе у категории детей с экстремально и очень низкой массой тела при рождении. Современная протективная ИВЛ предусматривает два основных направления снижения вентилятор-индуцированного повреждения легких: уменьшение дыхательного  объема (Vt) и принцип  допустимой  (пермиссивной) гиперкапнии. Применение методики  пермиссивной гиперкапнии и режимов с целевым объемом позволяет  снизить вероятность вентилятор-индуцированного повреждения легких у новорожденных детей. Несмотря на ограничение показаний к ИВЛ в современной неонатологии и широкому применению неинвазивной вентиляции, для пациентов, действительно нуждающихся в ИВЛ, применение режимов с целевым объемом дает лучшие шансы на уменьшение осложнений вентиляции

Использование неинвазивной респираторной поддержки в лечении респираторного дистресс-синдрома новорожденных

The article analyzes literature data on modern methods of non-invasive respiratory support for premature newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. The article describes positive and negative aspects of the contemporary methods and devices of non-invasive lung ventilation widely used as a starting method of respiratory therapy in obstetrics units of any level, including children with extremely and very low birth weight. The choice of the device and management tactics often depends on the facilities and financial situation of medical units as well as on the experience of medical professionals using specialized equipment.Представлен анализ данных литературы по современным методам неинвазивной респираторной поддержки недоношенных новорожденных с респираторным дистресс-синдромом. Рассмотрены положительные и отрицательные стороны используемых методов и устройств для неинвазивной вентиляции легких, которые в настоящее время нашли широкое применение в качестве стартового метода респираторной терапии в акушерских стационарах любого уровня, включая категории детей с экстремально и очень низкой массой тела при рождении. Выбор устройства и тактики проведения часто зависит от укомплектованности и финансовой обеспеченности лечебных учреждений, а также от опыта врача, использующего специализированную аппаратуру

Advanced approaches in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome using non-invasive respiratory support

The article analyzes literature data on modern methods of non-invasive respiratory support for premature newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. The article describes positive and negative aspects of the contemporary methods and devices of non-invasive lung ventilation widely used as a starting method of respiratory therapy in obstetrics units of any level, including children with extremely and very low birth weight. The choice of the device and management tactics often depends on the facilities and financial situation of medical units as well as on the experience of medical professionals using specialized equipment

Screening of Avena sativa cultivars for iron, zinc, manganese, protein and oil content and fatty acid composition in whole grains

The common oat (Avena sativa L.) is an excellent source of nutritional compounds. The objectives of this study were: (1) to identify oat accessions cultivated in Russia with high nutritive values of grain components, including iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), protein, oil and fatty acids, and (2) to determine how the measured components are interrelated. Fifty oat accessions from the Russian germplasm collection held at the Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources were characterized. Considerable genetic variation appeared to exist in almost all nutritional contents among genotypes grown in the same environment. Genotypic variations for seed Fe and Zn were moderate (1.9–2.7-fold), while those for Mn were relatively high (10.5-fold). A 1.8-fold variation between the lowest (10.9%) and highest (19.3%) protein content in the oat grain was found. High variation in oil content (2.7–8.1%) was found among the 50 cultivated oat accessions. Major fatty acids in oat oil were linoleic (C18:2) and oleic (C18:1) acids with higher C18:2 than C18:1 in all accessions. Oil, oleic acid, protein and Zn content show a positive correlation. The identifed oat cultivars with high nutritive values would be promising for breeding programs and for providing important nutrient sources for human consumption

First experience with SONG-M measurements on board CORONAS-F satellite

353-357One of the experiments on CORONAS-F satellite is SONG-M devoted to the study of hard electromagnetic and neutron emissions from the sun. This paper presents the first results of the observations of γ-ray emissions obtained by the instrument SONG-M during the period August 200l-May 2002

Short-term variability of macro- and trace elements in Elymus repens L. and Urtica dioica L.

Abstract Background: The main aim of the research was to study short-term changes in the concentrations of elements in two widely distributed plant species, couch grass and nettle and in the rhizosphere soil of the plants. Methods: The sampling of plants and soil was carried out on three dates: 3, 10, and 25 May 2021. On each day of sampling, the plants and soil were collected three times: at 9:00, 14:00, and 19:00. The ICP-OES and ICP-MS analytical techniques were used for determination of elements in the plant and soil samples. The Raman spectroscopy was applied to study variations in the organic compounds. Results: The concentrations of both macro-nutrients and trace elements in plants varied greatly over daytime on all dates of sampling. The differences between concentrations of many elements in the plants collected at different times during a day were statistically significant. There were also statistically significant differences between concentrations of some elements (Na, Mg, P, K, Fe, Ba) in the plants collected on different dates. The relative intensity of diffuse luminescence of the rhizosphere soil of couch grass and nettle was different during daytime and also differed between the soils taken from roots of the two plant species, especially in the beginning of May. Conclusions: The experimental data indicates that the daily variations of the element concentrations in plants might be a result of multiple effects of various factors. The differences in the daily element variations in the couch grass and nettle growing in the same site and collected simultaneously might be due to the fact that these plants belong to different clades. The diurnal fluctuations (that also include regular changes in the element concentrations in plants) can be different for monocotyledons (couch grass) and dicotyledons (nettle). New experimental findings on short-term variations in the concentrations of macro-nutrients and trace elements can help to gain a new insight into accumulation of the elements in different plant species and also be useful in agricultural practice