Oxidation resistant porous material for transpiration cooled vanes

Porous metal sheet with controlled permeability was made by space winding and diffusion bonding fine wire. Two iron-chromium-aluminum alloys and three-chromium alloys were used: GE 1541 (Fe-Cr-Al-Y), H 875 (Fe-Cr-Al-Si), TD Ni Cr, DH 245 (Ni-Cr-Al-Si) and DH 242 (Ni-Cr-Si-Cb). GE 1541 and H 875 were shown in initial tests to have greater oxidation resistance than the other candidate alloys and were therefore tested more extensively. These two materials were cyclic furnace oxidation tested in air at 1800 and 2000 F for accumulated exposure times of 4, 16, 64, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and and 600 hours. Oxidation weight gain, permeability change and mechanical properties were determined after exposure. Metallographic examination was performed to determine effects of exposure on the porous metal and electron beam weld joints of porous sheet to IN 100 strut material. Hundred hour stress rupture life and tensile tests were performed at 1800 F. Both alloys had excellent oxidation resistance and retention of mechanical properties and appear suitable for use as transpiration cooling materials in high temperature gas turbine engines

The IIASA Health Care Resource Allocation Submodel: Model Calibration for Data from Czechoslovakia

In many developed countries the problem of allocating resources within the Health Care System (HCS) is perennial. Health Care administrators are continually asking what are the consequences of changing the mix of resources. The disaggregated resource allocation model (DRAM) has been developed to assist Health Care administrators with this problem. The model simulates how the HCS in aggregate allocates limited supplies of resources between competing demands. The principal outputs of the model are the numbers of patients treated in different categories, and the modes and quotas of treatment they receive. This paper describes how parameters were estimated for DRAM for Czechoslovakian hospital in-patient care. The model was parameterized for seven patient categories (general surgery, general medicine, obstetrics and gynaecology, traumatic and orthopaedic surgery, otorhinolaryngology, paediatrics, and ophthalmology) and two resource types (hospital beds and hospital doctors). The paper ends with a description of how the model could be used to investigate the consequences of changes in the mix of hospital beds and hospital doctors for Czechoslovakian hospital in-patient care

The NASA role in major areas of human concern: Health care

Benefits derived from the civilian aeronautics and space effort are discussed in a statement whose focus is on the developments in health care which can be traced to specific NASA program elements. A summary is provided for each case where NASA has been involved in expanding the biomedical technical base, as well as where NASA has been directly instrumental in providing solutions in maintaining adequate health, and correcting health problems when they occur

The Future of Lung Diseases: COPD Model for Slovakia

The initial explorations of bronchial tree pathology can be traced back to the early part of the nineteenth century. Laennec was the first to demonstrate the so-called "catarrh pulmonaire" and its significance to the disease, but the attention of physicians centered upon tuberculosis and pneumonia up until the 1950s. The death of more than 4000 -- mainly older -- people during a catastrophic four-day smog in London (1952) and the realization that chronic bronchitis and its complications were the fatal causes has proved the importance of studying this group of diseases. Intensive research has demonstrated the necessity for a more precise definition of the group of illnesses described under the general term chronic nonspecific lung diseases. Common efforts of specialists from all over the world have culminated in accepted definitions of chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema and bronchial asthma by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Recently, a common term has been used by mostly American authors for all of these diagnostic units: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Numerous studies have shown an undesirable spread of COPD in the developed countries. The high and still growing prevalence of these diseases creates a burden on health-care systems, which leads to an associated growth in health care expenditures and in the number of sick-leave cases and disabled people. It is generally understood that the causes of COPD are largely from within the society itself: life style (smoking), environmental (air) pollution, working conditions, and social and economic circumstances are believed to be responsible for the onsets of these chronic diseases. The growth in COPD prevalence is influenced by recent demographic trends, especially population aging. The large proportion of people with these sicknesses makes a complete registration of all tine cases a practical impossibility. But COPD prevalence must be estimated in some way because of the necessity to forecaste and plan appropriate health care resources. We have developed an appropriate tool for the analysis of possible trends and describe COPD model in this paper. The authors hope that it will be of some help in answering specific questions about COPD development. The model uses data from the Slovak Socialist Republic and allows the user to test several scenarios

Program for transfer research and impact studies

Research activities conducted under the Program for Transfer Research and Impact Studies (TRIS) during 1972 included: (1) preparation of 10,196 TSP requests for TRIS application analysis; (2) interviews with over 500 individuals concerning the technical, economic, and social impacts of NASA-generated technology; (3) preparation of 38 new technology transfer example files and 101 new transfer cases; and (4) maintenance of a technology transfer library containing more than 2,900 titles. Six different modes of technology utilization are used to illustrate the pervasiveness of the transfer and diffusion of aerospace innovations. These modes also provide a basis for distinguishing the unique characteristics of the NASA Technology Utilization Program. An examination is reported of the ways in which NASA-generated technology is contributing to beneficial social change in five major areas of human concern: health, environment, safety, transportation, and communication

ДИНАМІКА РОСТУ ЖИВОЇ МАСИ НЕТЕЛІВ РІЗНИХ ПОРІД ТА ЙОГО ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ В ОКРЕМІ ВІКОВІ ПЕРІОДИ ОНТОГЕНЕЗУ

The dynamics of growth of live weight and its prediction in different age periods of ontogenesis in heifers of Simmental, Ukrainian Black–Spotted dairy and Ireshire. It was set up living weight growth and average daily and relative increments of 18– to 30–month age were characterized by Simmental heifers. They dominated the representatives of Ukrainian Black–Spotted dairy and Ireshire by live weight at 5,3–8,1 % and 11,7–18,1 %, at the average daily increments to 2,4–33,6 % and 28,7– and 55,8 % for the relative increments to 5,9–25,0 % and 13,8–34,4 %. Simmental heifers were more as the highest genetic potential of live weight growth, average rank for the entire period was 58,4±1,39 %, the same age as Ukrainian Black–Spotted dairy cattle were somewhat lower rank figure – 53,2±1,45 % and lowest rank was in Ireshire – 47,1±1,42 %. Animals of Simmental breed according the realization their of genetic potential, will reach at adulthood live weight of 658 kg, and their Ukrainian Black–Spotted dairy breeds of the same age and Ireshire, respectively – 617 and 568 kg.  Изучена динамика роста живой массы и его прогнозирование в различные возрастные периоды у нетелей симментальской, украинской чёрно–пёстрой молочной и айрширской пород.Установлено, что самыми высокими показателями роста живой массы, среднесуточных и относительных приростов от 18– до 30–месячного возраста характеризовались нетели симментальской породы. Они преобладали представителей украинской чёрно–пёстрой молочной и айрширской пород по живой массе на 5,3–8,1 % и 11,7–18,1 %, по среднесуточным приростам на 2,4–33,6 % и 28,7–55,8 % и по относительным приростам на 5,9–25,0 % и 13,8–34,4 %.Нетели симментальской породы отмечались также высоким генетическим потенциалом роста живой массы, средний ранг которых за весь период составлял 58,4±1,39 %, сверстницы украинской чёрно–пёстрой молочной породы имели несколько ниже показатель ранга – 53,2±1,45 % и самый низкий ранг был у представителей айрширской породы – 47,1±1,42 %.Животные симментальской породы согласно реализации своего генетического потенциала достигнут во взрослом возрасте живой массы 658 кг, а их сверстницы украинской чёрно–пёстрой молочной и айрширской пород, соответственно – 617 и 568 кг.Вивчено динаміку росту живої маси та його прогнозування в різні вікові періоди онтогенезу у нетелів симентальської, української чорно–рябої молочної та айрширської порід. Встановлено, що найвищими показниками росту живої маси та середньодобових і відносних приростів від 18– до 30–місячного віку характеризувались нетелі симентальської породи. Вони переважали представників української чорно–рябої молочної і айрширської порід за живою масою на 5,3–8,1 % і 11,7–18,1 %, за середньодобовими приростами на 2,4–33,6 % і 28,7–55,8 % та за відносними приростами на 5,9–25,0 % і 13,8–34,4 %. Нетелі симентальської породи відзначались також найвищим генетичним потенціалом росту живої маси, середній ранг яких за весь період складав 58,4±1,39 %, ровесниці української чорно–рябої молочної породи мали дещо нижчий показник рангу – 53,2±1,45 % і найнижчий ранг був у представників айрширської породи – 47,1±1,42 %. Тварини симентальської породи згідно реалізації свого генетичного потенціалу досягнуть в дорослому віці живої маси 658 кг, а їх ровесниці української чорно–рябої молочної і айрширської порід, відповідно – 617 і 568 кг. &nbsp

DYNAMICS OF LIVE WEIGHT OF DAUGHTERS OF DIFFERENT BULLS OF SIMMENTAL BREED AND ITS PREDICTION IN DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS OF ONTOGENESIS

Вивчено динаміку живої маси та її прогнозування в різні вікові періоди онтогенезу у дочок бугаїв-плідників симентальської породи німецької селекції.Встановлено, що найвищими показниками росту живої маси та середньодобових приростів від 18- до 30-місячного віку характеризувались дочки бугая Умаго 937169727. Вони переважали дочок бугая Вікхта 932375771 і Рошеллє 936647732 за живою масою на 8,9-9,4 % і 4,2-4,7 %, а за середньодобовими приростами на 5,8–7,4 % і 3,7–15,3 %.Дочки бугая Умаго 937169724 відзначались також найвищим генетичним потенціалом росту живої маси, середній ранг яких за весь період складав 61,2±1,12 %, дочки бугая Вікхта 932375771 мали дещо нижчий показник рангу – 57,4±1,28 % і найнижчий ранг був у дочок бугая Рошеллє 936647732 – 53,8±1,10 %.Корови-дочки бугая Умаго 937169724 згідно з реалізацією свого генетичного потенціалу досягнуть в дорослому віці живої маси 680 кг, а дочки бугаїв Вікхта 932375771 і Рошеллє 936647732, відповідно – 650 і 622 кг.Изучена динамика живой массы и ее прогнозирования в различные возрастные периоды у дочерей быков-производителей симментальской породы немецкой селекции.Установлено, что самыми высокими показателями роста живой массы, среднесуточных приростов от 18- до 30-месячного возраста характеризовались дочери быка Умаго 937169727. Они преобладали над дочерьми быка Викхта 932375771 и Рошеллє 936647732 по живой массе на 8,9–9,8 % и 4,2–4,7 %, а по среднесуточным приростам на 5,8–7,4 % и 3,7–15,3 %.Дочери быка Умаго 937169724 отмечались также высоким генетическим потенциалом роста живой массы, средний ранг которых за весь период составлял 61,2±1,12 %, дочери быка Викхта 932375771 имели несколько ниже показатель ранга – 57,4±1,28 % и самый низкий ранг был у дочерей быка Рошелллє 936647732 – 53,8±1,10 %.Коровы-дочери быка Умаго 937169724 согласно реализации своего генетического потенциала достигнут во взрослом возрасте живой массы 680 кг, а дочери быков Викхта 932375771 и Рошеллє 936647732, соответственно – 650 и 622 кг.The dynamics of live weight and its prediction in different age periods of ontogenesis in daughters of sires of the breed German Simmental breeding.It is established that the highest rates of growth of live weight and average daily weight gain of 18- to 30-months of age was characterized by her daughter's bull Umaga 937169727. They were superior to daughters of bull Vikcht 932375771 and Roselle 936647732 on live weight of 8,9–9,4 per cent and 4,2–4,7 %, and for average daily gain by 5,8 to 7,4% and 3,7 to 15,3 per cent.Daughters of the bull Umaga 937169724 it was also observed high genetic potential for growth of live weight, the average grade for the whole period amounted to 61,2±1,12% to daughters of bull Vikcht 932375771 had a slightly lower grade of 57,4±1,28 % and the lowest grade was of the daughters of the bull Rosellе 936647732 – 53,8±1,10 %.Cows are daughters of the bull Umaga 937169724 according to the realization of its genetic potential reached adult live weight of 680 kg, and the daughters of bulls Vikcht 932375771 and Roselle 936647732, respectively, 622 and 650 kg

Nuclear Many-Body Dynamics constrained by QCD and Chiral Symmetry

We present a novel description of nuclear many-body systems, both for nuclear matter and finite nuclei, emphasizing the connection with the condensate structure of the QCD ground state and spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking. Lorentz scalar and vector mean-fields are introduced in accordance with QCD sum rules. Nuclear binding arises from pionic fluctuations, using in-medium chiral perturbation theory up to three-loop order. Ground state properties of $^{16}$O and $^{40}$Ca are calculated. The built-in QCD constraints reduce the number of input parameters significantly in comparison with purely phenomenological relativistic mean-field approaches.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, to be published in European Physical Journal

DRAM: A Model of Health Care Resource Allocation in Czechoslovakia

This paper presents an application to data from Czechoslovakia of a health care resource allocation model called DRAM (Disaggregated Resource Allocation Model). DRAM was developed by the health care systems modelling group of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. It attempts to predict the consequences of resource-level changes, in terms of the numbers of patients treated in each clinical category and the quality of the care they receive in each mode of treatment. In this application, seven acute clinical categories and two types of resources (hospital doctors and hospital beds) are selected for examination in one mode of treatment--in-patient care. Some parallels are drawn with a comparable application in the UK

High-Energy Neutron Imaging Development at LLNL

We are proceeding with the development of a high-energy (10 MeV) neutron imaging system for use as an inspection tool in nuclear stockpile stewardship applications. Our goal is to develop and deploy an imaging system capable of detecting cubic-mm-scale voids, cracks or other significant structural defects in heavily-shielded low-Z materials within nuclear device components. The final production-line system will be relatively compact (suitable for use in existing or proposed facilities within the DOE complex) and capable of acquiring both radiographic and tomographic (CT) images. In this report, we will review our programmatic accomplishments to date, highlighting recent (FY06) progress on engineering and technology development issues related to the proposed imaging system. We will also discuss our preliminary project plan for FY07, including engineering initiatives, proposed radiation damage experiments (neutrons and x rays) and potential options for conducting classified neutron imaging experiments at LLNL