Assessment of Mass-Transfer Effects and Elementary Reaction Scheme for Catalytic Reactors

Catalytic combustion is carried out in a tubular reactor of radius in the order of millimeters and a length of around 10 centimeters in presence of catalysts Rhodium and Platinum. For mass transfer coe�cient calculation in the modeling of mass transfer between the bulk of the uid to the surface, correlations developed by Tronconi and Forzatti(1992) are used. The results shows that the assump- tion stating both the bulk concentration and concentration at the surface are same, deviates from the actual scenario. The combustion is actually slow than what PFR predicts when we observed the mass transfer limited catalytic combustion. A discrepancy is observed with the mechanism of methane partial combustion in the presence of Rhodium catalyst in terms of the concentrations of CO2 and H2O mole fractions, the mechanism gives more CO2 and H2O than the equilibrium composition

Assessment of Mass-Transfer Effects and Elementary Reaction Scheme for Catalytic Reactors

Catalytic combustion is carried out in a tubular reactor of radius in the order of millimeters and a length of around 10 centimeters in presence of catalysts Rhodium and Platinum. For mass transfer coe�cient calculation in the modeling of mass transfer between the bulk of the uid to the surface, correlations developed by Tronconi and Forzatti(1992) are used. The results shows that the assump- tion stating both the bulk concentration and concentration at the surface are same, deviates from the actual scenario. The combustion is actually slow than what PFR predicts when we observed the mass transfer limited catalytic combustion. A discrepancy is observed with the mechanism of methane partial combustion in the presence of Rhodium catalyst in terms of the concentrations of CO2 and H2O mole fractions, the mechanism gives more CO2 and H2O than the equilibrium composition

OFDM: A Mathematical Review

Mathematical review of the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is demonstrated in terms of Inter symbol interference, Multi carrier modulated system and cyclic prefix. Modeling of the mathematical equation of the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, Inverse fast Fourier transform and fast Fourier transform is explained with the suitable example using MATLAB. Bit error rate performance of OFDM is also presented with the help of statistical computation

A Prospective Observational study to Assess the Post-Surgical Outcomes following Cataract Surgery in Patients with Lens Induced Glaucoma

BACKGROUND: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide with an estimated 60.5 million people affected in 2010 and 12 million people are estimated to be blind due to this disease. India is home to 12 million people with glaucoma and 1.5 million are blind due to it, as per the major prevalence studies in India in the recent past. AIM OF THE STUDY: The main aim of this study was to find out whether a good post-operative visual outcome and Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP) control in patients with Lens Induced Glaucoma (LIG) is obtained using appropriate early medical and surgical management. METHODOLGY: A prospective observational study was carried out for 101 patients who attended Glaucoma clinic at Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai between January 2018 – June 2018. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Committee and the IEC no for the study is IEC201800254 Patients diagnosed with LIG were included for the study and those with secondary glaucoma were excluded. With a Confidence Interval (CI) of 95% and statistical significance estimated to be p < 0.05 the statistical analysis was done using STATA (11.1), TEXAS, USA, Software. RESULT: The mean age among 101 patients who were recruited for the study was 94.36 with SD ±9.20. 50.5% of the study subjects were male. With a CI of 95% and statistical significance of (P<0.05) the results were analysed. 35.6% of the patients were diagnosed with LIG in the age group between 61 – 70 years. 20.8% of the patients presented with the acute symptoms after 2 weeks whereas 52.5% presented within 1 week. The right eye was affected in 56.4% of the study participant. Phacolytic Glaucoma (54.5%) was the major incidence of LIG compared to the other group of glaucoma. When comparing the incidence of LIG with gender it is found that both male and female had equal chance of getting infected by the disease and 63.6% of female were affected by Phacomorphic glaucoma and 60.0% male were affected by Phacolytic glaucoma. Hypermature cataract (54.5%) was found to be the highest cause of LIG. The result concluded that there is a decrease in IOP with increase in the visual outcome when the patient was treated early and presented within one week of acute symptoms. CONCLUSION: The result from this study concludes that the visual outcome will be maximized with a decrease in IOP if the patients present with the symptoms early. Despite technological advances in the medical field lack of awareness among the people, barriers to access the service and a high level negligence in certain rural community is still a bottleneck today

A study on biochemical parameters in patients with organophosphorus poisoning

BACKGROUND: The emergency medicine department of Coimbatore Medical College receives 2-3 cases of Organophosphorus compound poisoning on a daily basis. The purpose of this study is to develop an improved scoring system for the risk stratification of Organophosphorus compound poisoning. AIM OF THE STUDY: The study focuses on clinical features and biochemical parameters in patients admitted with acute organophosphorus poisoning and their prognostic significance. MATERIALS & METHODS: The study was conducted at Coimbatore Medical College Hospital for a period of 1 year in patients admitted with acute organophosphorus poisoning in medicine emergency department. On admission, blood samples were sent for biochemical analysis. Based on the clinical presentation at admission, patients were grouped into mild moderate and severe poisoning according to the POP scoring, and the need for ventilator support was noted. RESULTS: The intention of poisoning was found to be suicidal in almost 85 % of the cases admitted and 10% of poisoning was found to be accidental. The most common compound used for poisoning was dichlorfos closely followed by dimethoate and malathion. In our study 69 % cases were graded to have mild poisoning, 27% as moderate and only 4% as severe poisoning. Need for ventilatory support within 24 hours of admission was almost 100% in severe poisoning whereas it was only about 50% in moderate poisoning and less than 10% in mild poisoning. In patients with very low cholinesterase levels at the time of admission, the clinical recovery was much delayed and all cases required ventilator support. The dose of atropine needed in the treatment of opc poisoning also has significant negative correlation with serum acetylcholinesterase levels. CONCLUSION: Most of the biochemical parameters mentioned above show an early elevation in severe OP poisoning; which, when tested, can be used as an early indicator of severity

Metrics of clonidine utilization in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Background: Clonidine is less frequently used by nephrologists. Data on clonidine prescribing trends in hemodialysis patients is sparse. We assessed the clonidine utilization metrics from the case records of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.Methods: In this retrospective chart review, we analysed the clinical records of hemodialysis patients using clonidine. We evaluated the frequency of clonidine use, mean dose of clonidine and percentage of patients receiving a particular dose. Additionally, we also correlated dose of clonidine with anti-hypertensive pill count.Results: A total of 70 hemodialysis patients case records were screened. All 70/70 (100%) of them were hypertensive. Only 25/70 (35.74%) of patients were prescribed clonidine as an anti-hypertensive agent. The mean clonidine dose was 352±171 µg. Majority of patients 9/25 (36%) received 400 µg of clonidine. The dose of clonidine was prescribed in the order 400 µg (36%)>200 µg (32%)>600 µg (16%)>100 µg (8%)>300 µg (4%)=700 µg (4%). There was a statistically significant correlation in the strength of clonidine prescribed with increasing anti-hypertensive drugs (p<0.05).Conclusions: In our study, we observed that 80% of our hemodialysis patients were non responders to either systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure or both. Oral clonidine use was observed in 35.74% of our hemodialysis patients. There was a linear trend showing an increased dose of clonidine with an increase in the anti-hypertensive pill count

Evaluation and Improvement of Distribution System Reliability Indices using ETAP Software

Reliability assessment is the most important factor in designing and planning of distribution system that should operate in an economical manner with minimal interruption of customer loads. This is due to the fact that the distribution system provides the final link between a utility transmission system and its customers. It is observed that more than 80% of all customer interruptions occur (i.e., power quality issues) due to component failures in the distribution system. That report quantifies the expected reliability indices such as interruption frequency and interruption duration during the entire year. Many research findings are out there to assess the reliability of the power system. Further, due to the wide growth of distributed generation in electrical power, investigating their impact on system reliability, it becomes an attractive area of research. In this paper, the reliability evaluation of distribution system using a minimal cut set method based on the FMEA technique is described and applied to the IEEE RBTS Bus-2 and Indian practical distribution system (33/11 kV). Development of ETAP software is presented for calculating reliability indices. Further, improvement of reliability with introducing of Distributed Generation is presented. Reliability indices are load point indices and system indices which includes, System Average Interruption Frequency Indices (SAIFI), System Average Interruption Duration Indices (SAIDI), Customer Average Interruption Frequency Indices (CAIFI), Customer Average Interruption Duration Indices (CAIDI), Energy Not Supplied (ENS), Average Energy Not Supplied (AENS), etc. These indices are shows the reliability performance of the system