The genetic structure and sustainability of autochthonous cattle breeds in Croatia

Prepoznavanje i potvrđivanje autohtonosti pasmine temeljna je odrednica u njenom očuvanju, budući da se na njoj temelji kontinuitet logike uzgojnog rada kojim se gubitak genetske osobitosti nastoji svesti na najmanju mjeru. Razložno je činiti redoviti osvrt na minuli uzgojni rad na autohtonim pasminama kako bi uočili manjkavosti u pogledu genetske ali i ekonomske održivosti. Analizirano je stanje genetske strukture i održivosti dvaju hrvatskih autohtonih pasmina goveda koje su više od desetljeća u žiži znanstvenog i šireg interesa. Istarsko govedo samo je dijelom konsolidirano u genetskom pogledu, uz još uvijek nejasnu uzgojnu strategiju u pogledu dostupnih linija i majčinskih rodova. Procijenjena razina uzgoj u srodstvu istarskog goveda na temelju rodoslovlja umjerene je razine (0,0175), no broj i distribucija linija ukazuju na potrebu pažljivije provedbe uzgojnog programa. Razina uzgoja u srodstvu (izračunata na temelju rodoslovlja) slavonsko srijemskog podolca (0,0186) ukazuje na sustavan selekcijski rad, no brojno stanje populacije i distribucija grla ukazuju na postojeću ozbiljnost situacije. Uzgajivačima nezadovoljavajuća visina novčanih poticaja, uz nerazvijene programe gospodarskog korištenja, dovode u pitanje i fizičku održivost populacije u aktivnom in situ programu očuvanja.Recognizing and affirmation of autochthonism are basic points protection breeds, whereas is ground of continuity of breeding work which loss genetic rarity reduces to minimum. Necessary is seems the routine overview over the breeding work on autochthonous breeds in order to notice inadequacies in view of genetic and also economic sustainability. Has been analyzed genetic structure and sustainability of two autochthonous cattle breeds which are more than decades in center scientific and wider interest. The Istrian cattle has been partly consolidated in the genetic sight, beside still is unclear breeding strategy with regard to the accessible lineages. Has been estimated the level inbreeding of Istrian cattle on the basis of pedigree data is moderate level (0,0175), but the number and distribution of lineages suggest the needs of more careful implementation breeding program. Levels of inbreeding (calculated on the basis of pedigree) Slavonian syrmian podolian cattle (0,0186) points to the systematic selection work, but numerical situation of populations and distribution of herds suggest on the existing seriousness situations. Breeders unsatisfactory heights of financial stimulus, by undeveloped programs of economic use, call in question too physical sustainability populations the in situ program preservations

European Red List of Habitats Part 1. Marine habitats

The European Red List of Habitats provides an overview of the risk of collapse (degree of endangerment) of marine, terrestrial and freshwater habitats in the European Union (EU28) and adjacent regions (EU28+), based on a consistent set of categories and criteria, and detailed data and expert knowledge from involved countries1. A total of 257 benthic marine habitat types were assessed. In total, 19% (EU28) and 18% (EU28+) of the evaluated habitats were assessed as threatened in categories Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable. An additional 12% were Near Threatened in the EU28 and 11% in the EU28+. These figures are approximately doubled if Data Deficient habitats are excluded. The percentage of threatened habitat types differs across the regional seas. The highest proportion of threatened habitats in the EU28 was found in the Mediterranean Sea (32%), followed by the North-East Atlantic (23%), the Black Sea (13%) and then the Baltic Sea (8%). There was a similar pattern in the EU28+. The most frequently cited pressures and threats were similar across the four regional seas: pollution (eutrophication), biological resource use other than agriculture or forestry (mainly fishing but also aquaculture), natural system modifications (e.g. dredging and sea defence works), urbanisation and climate change. Even for habitats where the assessment outcome was Data Deficient, the Red List assessment process has resulted in the compilation of a substantial body of useful information to support the conservation of marine habitats

Disentangling orbital and spin textures of surface-derived states in non-symmorphic semimetal HfSiS

We have investigated the spin polarization and orbital configuration of the spin-split surface states in a non-symmorphic semimetal HfSiS by spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using polarized tunable photons combined with detailed theoretical calculations. We have found that the surface states surrounding the x̄ point with C_2v symmetry exhibit an exotic unidirectional spin texture coupled with d_yz orbital. The observed unidirectional spin texture is well reproduced by the theoretical calculations. Our work clarifies the significance of orbital symmetry in the manipulation of spin orientations, providing an approach to realize the persistent spin texture for the prolonged spin-coherence time in spintronic applications