Modeling, Simulation and Validation of a Bio-Inspired and Self-Powered Miniature Pressure Sensing System for Monitoring Cerebral Intra Aneurysmal Pressure

Intracranial aneurysm rupture is one of the main cause for the intracranial bleeding. A brain aneurysm is an abnormal focal bulging of the arteries in the brain. As an aneurysm grows, its wall becomes thinner and weaker, which is more prone to rupture. Rupture of the intracranial aneurysm leads to releasing blood into the spaces around the brain - called a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). 10 to 15% of the patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage die immediately. To prevent aneurysmal bleeding, it is essential to seclude the aneurysm from the blood circulation. This can be done with open craniotomy with microsurgical clipping and minimally invasive endovascular surgery. One of endovascular surgical technique is to place stent/flow-diverter across the neck of the aneurysm. The stent across the aneurysm reduces the flow within the aneurysm and help to form the thrombus within the aneurysm. However, approximately 3% people with the flow- diverter treatment may have delayed aneurysm bleeding after the stent placement. Short-term studies show that the stents can reduce the flow within the aneurysm but not the pressure. Currently there is no other device available to measure the intracranial intraaneurysmal pressure. This work is on designing a bio-inspired, self-powered, passively operated PVDF pressure sensor that can be deployed within the aneurysm, during flow diverting endovascular treatment that is very sensitive to small changes in pressure. The design utilizes the ear mechanics benefits by consisting of the circular vibrating membrane which vibrates based on the intraaneursymal pressure changes. This mimic the tympanic membrane part of the ear. The design continues to follow the middle ear’s mechanical advantage mechanism by incorporating the surface area increase and leverage mechanism, by the other side of the vibrating membrane been connected to three pole-links structures similar to the three bones of the middle ear to perform the middle ear’s amplification mechanism. This is followed by a composite cantilever beam structure with the sensor strips, which mimics the coiled cochlea of the inner ear in elongated form. This piezoelectric sensor strips are responsible for the passive mechanoelectrical conversion and generation of electric voltage, for the intraaneursymal pressure change application. Simulation, experiments and analysis at every level are done. Simulation and experimental result correlate and match the modeling

Site suitability analysis for decentralized sustainable solid waste management system for Coimbatore city using GIS.

          The effective solid waste management in a developing country like India has become an essential concern of the society. Municipality and corporation have framed many policies and municipal solid waste rules for a sustainable solid waste management, but the increase in population and urbanization leads to many challenges in implementing an effective system. Disposal of waste is an important action in solid waste management but due to many flaws in system the centralized disposal of waste is not effective. In this research the site selection for decentralized processing unit zone wise is done using GIS and weighted overlay analysis. The weighted overlay analysis is done by using thematic layers like land use land cover, geomorphology, geology, soil, lineaments, ground water depth, distance from water bodies, distance from railway track, drainage density, road density ,distance from roads are used as inventory maps to arrive the suitable area to carry out decentralized solid waste management. The results revealed the suitable area in sqkm under five classifications as highly suitable, high to moderately suitable, moderately suitable, poorly suitable and not suitable. Keywords: site suitability, south zone, Coimbatore decentralized waste management, weighted overlay analysis

Worship of a Minor Deity in the Short Stories of Imayam

Annamalai is the original birth name of Imayam. He was born in Cuddalore district. His short stories are about the marginal people and the deities they worship. Primitive people started worshiping natural changes and outrages. Thus many cults arose. Among them, the worship of minor deities is practiced since ancient period. Minor deities are worshiped by people marginal people in the society. Imaiyam has written short stories based on the character of minor deities, method of worship, location, armies, etc. In his short stories he has described about deities like Ponnaruvi Sami, Muneeswaran Sami, Sembayanar, Karupaiya and Kulla Karupu. This article is about the worship of these idols

The Condition of the Washermen who do the laundry as shown ‘Koveru kazhuthaigal (Mules)’

Human beings are rational in God's creation. In the early years, the occupations which were divided among themselves separately for the betterment of man are later divided on the basis of class. Thereafter, they create caste and divide certain castes into lower castes and other castes into upper castes. In a town where all the people live together, the last street is named colony street, where the lower caste people are excluded. These lower caste people are not allowed to enter the village freely even for festival-like events. Though there is an economy to buy quality food and clothing, the upper castes do not allow them to buy it. Vannar Kudi (Washermen Colony) is one such divided society. This article explains the condition of the washer people who are engaged in the business of washing

Comparison of oral and vaginal misoprostol after oral mifepristone in early medical abortion

Background: Abortions are still a major problem in developing countries contributing to significant maternal morbidity and mortality. WHO has reported that 53 million unplanned pregnancies result in termination each year. One third of these are performed under unsafe conditions. Deaths related to these accounts for up to about 20% of the maternal deaths that occur each year throughout the world. the main objective of the present study is to compare the efficacy, side effects and acceptability of oral and vaginal misoprostol after single oral dose of mifepristone in induction of abortion in pregnancy up to 63 days.Methods: It was a prospective randomized trial of 100 healthy women opting for termination of pregnancy with ultrasound confirmed intrauterine gestation of less than or equal to 9 weeks who were randomized in to two groups. Mifepristone 200mg was administered on day one followed by 800µg of misoprostol orally or vaginally 48 hours later. They were reviewed on day 7 and day 14 by ultrasound for completeness of abortion. If abortion was incomplete or bleeding was excessive, surgical evacuation was performed.Results: The two groups were comparable with respect to age, parity and gestational age. The mean induction abortion interval was 51.2 hours.98% of the women in both the groups had complete abortion.  Nausea (68%) and vomiting (58%) were more common in oral group. Diarrhoea (60%) was common in vaginal group. None of them had fever. Mean duration of bleeding was 9 days. 92% of the women found the procedure to be highly acceptable and would recommend it to others.Conclusions: Medical abortion with 200mg mifepristone in combination with 800µg of misoprostol either orally or vaginally 48 hours later was found to be safe, simple, effective, inexpensive, noninvasive and acceptable method

Big Data Clustering Algorithm and Strategies

In current digital era extensive volume ofdata is being generated at an enormous rate. The data are large, complex and information rich. In order to obtain valuable insights from the massive volume and variety of data, efficient and effective tools are needed. Clustering algorithms have emerged as a machine learning tool to accurately analyze such massive volume of data. Clustering is an unsupervised learning technique which groups data objects in such a way that objects in the same group are more similar as much as possible and data objects in different groups are dissimilar. But, traditional algorithm cannot cope up with huge amount of data. Therefore efficient clustering algorithms are needed to analyze such a big data within a reasonable time. In this paper we have discussed some theoretical overview and comparison of various clustering techniques used for analyzing big data

Possible Alpha and 14C Cluster Emission From Hyper Radium Nuclei in The Mass Region A = 202-235

The possibilities for the emission of 4He and 14C clusters from hyper 202-235ΛRa are studied using our Coulomb and proximity potential model (CPPM) by including the lambda-nucleus potential. The predicted half lives show that hyper 202-231ΛRa nuclei are unstable against 4He emission and 14Cemission from 217- 229ΛRa are favorable for measurement. Our study also show that hyper Λ202235-Ra are stable against hyper Λ4He and Λ14C emission. The role of neutron shell closure (N = 126) in 213 ΛRn daughter and role of proton and neutron shell closure (Z = 82, N = 126) in Λ209Pb daughter are also revealed. As hyper nuclei decays to normal nuclei by mesonic/non-mesonic decay and since most of the predicted half lives for 4He and 14C emission from normal Ra nuclei are favorable for measurement, we presume that alpha and 14C cluster emission from hyper Ra nuclei can be detected in laboratory in a cascade (two-step) process

Healthcare Quality Management: A Study on Quality Awareness among Employees of Indian Hospitals

ABSTRACT The study has made an attempt to measure the effectiveness of hospital quality management practices to meet quality performance. Keeping this as an objective, the study dealt with quality awareness which may affect the quality performance of hospitals. The study was conducted among network hospitals accredited for Tamilnadu Government Employees New Health Insurance Scheme in India. Among 514 hospitals, 490 hospitals located in Tamilnadu were taken as population size and a sample of 245 hospitals were chosen for the study using systematic sampling method. The data were collected from top and middle level executives of network hospitals. The study adopted descriptive statistics, factor analysis and one-way ANOVA for its analytical process. From the findings of the study it was observed that, larger share of the respondents profile is from clinical and non-clinical departments and mostly heads of the departments represented for the survey. The study observed that the level of quality awareness among executives were moderate in nature. The study observed that the level of quality awareness among executives were moderate in nature. Further the variable, quality awareness were reduced to two factors. These factors were used for further investigation and found that respondents profile like designation, no. of years of experience and the departments are associated with many of the Quality practices. Keywords: Quality management, healthcare management, quality awareness, Indian Hospital