8,839 research outputs found
Measuring Black Hole Formations by Entanglement Entropy via Coarse-Graining
We argue that the entanglement entropy offers us a useful coarse-grained
entropy in time-dependent AdS/CFT. We show that the total von-Neumann entropy
remains vanishing even when a black hole is created in a gravity dual, being
consistent with the fact that its corresponding CFT is described by a
time-dependent pure state. We analytically calculate the time evolution of
entanglement entropy for a free Dirac fermion on a circle following a quantum
quench. This is interpreted as a toy holographic dual of black hole creations
and annihilations. It is manifestly free from the black hole information
problem.Comment: 25 pages, Latex, 8 figure
Development of computational models for the prediction of the toxicity of nanomaterials
Extended abstrac
On O(1) contributions to the free energy in Bethe Ansatz systems: the exact g-function
We investigate the sub-leading contributions to the free energy of Bethe
Ansatz solvable (continuum) models with different boundary conditions. We show
that the Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz approach is capable of providing the O(1)
pieces if both the density of states in rapidity space and the quadratic
fluctuations around the saddle point solution to the TBA are properly taken
into account. In relativistic boundary QFT the O(1) contributions are directly
related to the exact g-function. In this paper we provide an all-orders proof
of the previous results of P. Dorey et al. on the g-function in both massive
and massless models. In addition, we derive a new result for the g-function
which applies to massless theories with arbitrary diagonal scattering in the
bulk.Comment: 28 pages, 2 figures, v2: minor corrections, v3: minor corrections and
references adde
Resolved diffraction patterns from a reflection grating for atoms
We have studied atomic diffraction at normal incidence from an evanescent
standing wave with a high resolution using velocity selective Raman
transitions. We have observed up to 3 resolved orders of diffraction, which are
well accounted for by a scalar diffraction theory. In our experiment the
transverse coherence length of the source is greater than the period of the
diffraction grating.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Universality in Systems with Power-Law Memory and Fractional Dynamics
There are a few different ways to extend regular nonlinear dynamical systems
by introducing power-law memory or considering fractional
differential/difference equations instead of integer ones. This extension
allows the introduction of families of nonlinear dynamical systems converging
to regular systems in the case of an integer power-law memory or an integer
order of derivatives/differences. The examples considered in this review
include the logistic family of maps (converging in the case of the first order
difference to the regular logistic map), the universal family of maps, and the
standard family of maps (the latter two converging, in the case of the second
difference, to the regular universal and standard maps). Correspondingly, the
phenomenon of transition to chaos through a period doubling cascade of
bifurcations in regular nonlinear systems, known as "universality", can be
extended to fractional maps, which are maps with power-/asymptotically
power-law memory. The new features of universality, including cascades of
bifurcations on single trajectories, which appear in fractional (with memory)
nonlinear dynamical systems are the main subject of this review.Comment: 23 pages 7 Figures, to appear Oct 28 201
Entropy from AdS(3)/CFT(2)
We parametrize the (2+1)-dimensional AdS space and the BTZ black hole with
Fefferman-Graham coordinates starting from the AdS boundary. We consider
various boundary metrics: Rindler, static de Sitter and FRW. In each case, we
compute the holographic stress-energy tensor of the dual CFT and confirm that
it has the correct form, including the effects of the conformal anomaly. We
find that the Fefferman-Graham parametrization also spans a second copy of the
AdS space, including a second boundary. For the boundary metrics we consider,
the Fefferman-Graham coordinates do not cover the whole AdS space. We propose
that the length of the line delimiting the excluded region at a given time can
be identified with the entropy of the dual CFT on a background determined by
the boundary metric. For Rindler and de Sitter backgrounds our proposal
reproduces the expected entropy. For a FRW background it produces a
generalization of the Cardy formula that takes into account the vacuum energy
related to the expansion.Comment: major revision with several clarifications and corrections, 22 page
Joining the conspiracy? Negotiating ethics and emotions in researching (around) AIDS in southern Africa
AIDS is an emotive subject, particularly in southern Africa. Among those who have been directly affected by the disease, or who perceive themselves to be personally at risk, talking about AIDS inevitably arouses strong emotions - amongst them fear, distress, loss and anger. Conventionally, human geography research has avoided engagement with such emotions. Although the ideal of the detached observer has been roundly critiqued, the emphasis in methodological literature on 'doing no harm' has led even qualitative researchers to avoid difficult emotional encounters. Nonetheless, research is inevitably shaped by emotions, not least those of the researchers themselves. In this paper, we examine the role of emotions in the research process through our experiences of researching the lives of 'Young AIDS migrants' in Malawi and Lesotho. We explore how the context of the research gave rise to the production of particular emotions, and how, in response, we shaped the research, presenting a research agenda focused more on migration than AIDS. This example reveals a tension between universalised ethics expressed through ethical research guidelines that demand informed consent, and ethics of care, sensitive to emotional context. It also demonstrates how dualistic distinctions between reason and emotion, justice and care, global and local are unhelpful in interpreting the ethics of research practice
A soliton menagerie in AdS
We explore the behaviour of charged scalar solitons in asymptotically global
AdS4 spacetimes. This is motivated in part by attempting to identify under what
circumstances such objects can become large relative to the AdS length scale.
We demonstrate that such solitons generically do get large and in fact in the
planar limit smoothly connect up with the zero temperature limit of planar
scalar hair black holes. In particular, for given Lagrangian parameters we
encounter multiple branches of solitons: some which are perturbatively
connected to the AdS vacuum and surprisingly, some which are not. We explore
the phase space of solutions by tuning the charge of the scalar field and
changing scalar boundary conditions at AdS asymptopia, finding intriguing
critical behaviour as a function of these parameters. We demonstrate these
features not only for phenomenologically motivated gravitational Abelian-Higgs
models, but also for models that can be consistently embedded into eleven
dimensional supergravity.Comment: 62 pages, 21 figures. v2: added refs and comments and updated
appendice
Holographic Evolution of Entanglement Entropy
We study the evolution of entanglement entropy in a 2-dimensional
equilibration process that has a holographic description in terms of a Vaidya
geometry. It models a unitary evolution in which the field theory starts in a
pure state, its vacuum, and undergoes a perturbation that brings it far from
equilibrium. The entanglement entropy in this set up provides a measurement of
the quantum entanglement in the system. Using holographic techniques we recover
the same result obtained before from the study of processes triggered by a
sudden change in a parameter of the hamiltonian, known as quantum quenches.
Namely, entanglement in 2-dimensional conformal field theories propagates with
velocity v^2=1. Both in quantum quenches and in the Vaidya model equilibration
is only achieved at the local level. Remarkably, the holographic derivation of
this last fact requires information from behind the apparent horizon generated
in the process of gravitational collapse described by the Vaidya geometry. In
the early stages of the evolution the apparent horizon seems however to play no
relevant role with regard to the entanglement entropy. We speculate on the
possibility of deriving a thermalization time for occupation numbers from our
analysis.Comment: 26 pages, 10 figure
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