ROLE OF SELENIUM SUPPLEMENTATION ON ANTIOXIDANT CHANGES IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS AFTER CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS

Objective: Stress is a non-specific response of the body to any physical or physiological demand. Oxidative stress may occur due to imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants. Restraint stress or immobilization has been used extensively as a stressor for the study of stress-related biological, biochemical, and physiological responses in animals. Nutritional treatment by exogenous supplementation of antioxidants like selenium reactivates which guard against the insult caused ROS during the repeated restraint stress. The objective of the study is to determine the role of selenium on antioxidant changes in Wistar albino rats after chronic restraint stress. Methods: Adult male Wistar albino rats weighing about 180–200 g were taken for the study and were divided into three groups – the control group (n=6) chronic restraint stress group (n=6) and chronic stress treated with selenium (n=6). Restraint stress was given in wire mesh restrainers for 30 days (6 h/day), and the blood from the jugular vein was collected for estimation of antioxidant status (Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, CAT, Vit C, and Vit E) in rats. Results: One-way analysis of variance statistical test was used to analyses the mean and SD among the groups. The rats pre-treated with selenium (p<0.001) showed a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation. In chronic restraint stress, albino rats administered with Selenium showed a significant increase (p<0.001) in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity when compared to controls. Conclusion: The effect of the Selenium acts as a antidote to counteract the effects of restraint stress and has significant therapeutic application in counter acting oxidative damage on Wistar albino rats

Correlation of soil physico chemical properties with a yield of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) by soil amendments and foliar nutrition under sodic soil condition

In India, about 3.77 million ha of the country's geographical area is affected by sodicity. There is an urgent need to minimize further land degradation and restore the fertility of degraded soils to meet the growing demand for food. The most effective way to overcome salt stress is by applying nutrients through soil and foliar. In this context, a field experiment was conducted at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute (ADAC & RI), Tiruchirappalli, in the summer of 2022 to study the reclamation potential of soil amendments and foliar nutrition in sodic soil. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The treatment comprised of soil amendments viz., M1- Pongamia green leaf manure (GLM) @ 6.25 t ha-1, M2- Pressmud @ 10 t ha-1, M3-CSR GROMOR @ 25 kg ha-1, M4-Gypsum @ 50 % GR, M5-Gypsum @ 50 % gypsum requirement (GR) + Pongamia GLM @ 6.25 t ha-1, M6-Gypsum @ 50 % GR + Pressmud @ 10 t ha-1, M7-Gypsum @ 50 % GR + CSR GROMOR @ 25 kg ha-1 and M8- Farmers practice, in main plots and foliar nutrition viz., S1- Foliar spray (FS) of CSR GROMOR @ 3% @ 30 DAS, S2-FS of Brassinosteroid (BRs) 0.2 ppm @ 30 DAS and S3-FS of Melatonin 60 ppm @ 30 DAS in sub plots. The results showed that gypsum @ 50 % GR + Pressmud @ 10 t ha-1+ FS of Brassinosteroid 0.2 ppm @ 30 DAS(M6S2) registered significantly (P=0.05%) lowest pH (8.07), ESP (11.62%), exchangeable Na+ (2.93 c mol (p+) kg-1) with higher exchangeable Ca2+(11.23 c mol (p+) kg-1), Mg2+ (8.09 c mol (p+) kg-1) and K+(0.82 c mol (p+) kg-1). It also increased soil available nutrients (235.6, 24.57 & 309.6 kg NPK ha-1) and grain yield (1110 kg ha-1) of green gram. However, it was on par with gypsum @ 50 % GR + CSR GROMOR @ 25 kg ha-1 + FS of Brassinosteroid 0.2 ppm @ 30 DAS(M7S2). Hence it was concluded that the application of gypsum along with pressmud or CSR GROMOR combined with FS of brassinostroid had a remarkable effect in reducing soil sodicity and increasing the productivity of green gram.

Influence of Surface Pre-treatment of MWNTs Support on PEFC Performance

The influence of surface characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) support on the catalytic performance of PEFC electrodes is investigated by using oxidized and nonoxidized MWNTs as the supports for platinum. The defect-free morphology, high electrical conductivity and favorable pore-size distribution of non-oxidized MWNTs ameliorate catalytic activity and electrochemical stability of platinum. Physico-chemical properties of oxidized and non-oxidized MWNTs and the respective catalysts are studied by BET surface-area, XRD, XPS and TEM measurements. Electrochemical stability of MWNTssupported platinum as PEFC electrodes is assessed using potential cycling and potentiostatic techniques. Owing to the higher corrosion-resistance, platinum on non-oxidized MWNTs show lower loss in electrochemical surface area (ESA) and also exhibit 22% lower corrosion current than oxidized MWNTs

MULTIPATH ROUTING AND DUAL LINK FAILURE RECOVERY IN IP FAST REROUTING

In this approaches for disjoint multipath routing and fast recovery in IP networks that guarantee recovery from arbitrary two link failures. Developing the first known algorithm to construct three edge-independent spanning trees, which has a running time complexity of 0(V2). The property of these trees is that the paths from a source to the destination on the trees are mutually link-disjoint. We illustrate how the three edge-independent trees rooted at a destination may be employed to achieve multipath routing and IP fast recovery. In implement different ways of employing the trees. The routing of packets is based on the destination address and the input interface over which the packet was received. If the trees are employed exclusively for multipath routing, then no packet overhead is required. If the trees are employed for failure recovery, then the overhead bits will range from 0 to 2 bits depending on the flexibility sought in routing. In this project evaluate the performance of the trees in fast recovery by comparing the path lengths provided under single- and dual-link failures with an earlier approach based on tunneling

Survey on Image Enhancement Techniques

Abstract: Enhancement is one of the challenging factors in image processing. The objective of enhancement is to improve the structural appearance of an image without any degradation in the input image. The enhancement techniques make the identification of key features easier by removing noise and other artifacts in an image. This paper analyzes the performance of various enhancement techniques based on noise ratio, time delay and quality. It also suggest suitable algorithm for remote sensing images based on the analysis

Effect of Plant Growth Regulator on Growth, Physiology and Yield of Direct Sown Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.)

Aims: To determine the “Effect of plant growth regulator on growth, physiology and yield of direct sown finger millet”. Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was conducted during rabi 2022 at South Farm, Division of Agronomy, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore.The soil of the experimental field was sandy clay loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction  (pH 5.36), level of organic carbon  (1.03%),  available  N  (289 kg/ha),  P  (115 kg/ha)  and  K  (437 kg/ha).  Study Design: Completely randomized block design. Methodology: T1 (RDF + Water spray - Control), T2 (100% RDF + Foliar spraying of Brassinosteroid @ 0.5 ppm), T3 (100% RDF + Foliar spraying of Gibberellic acid @10 ppm), T4 (100% RDF + Foliar spraying of Salicylic acid @100 ppm), T5 (50% RDF + Foliar spraying of Brassinosteroid @ 0.5 ppm), T6 (50% RDF + Foliar spraying of Gibberellic acid @10 ppm), T7 (50% RDF + Foliar spraying of Salicylic acid @100 ppm), T8 (Foliar spraying of Brassinosteroid @ 0.5 ppm), T9 (Foliar spraying of Gibberellic acid @10 ppm), T10 (Foliar spraying of Salicylic acid @100 ppm). Results: The experiment was laid out in  RBD  and showed that  100% RDF + Foliar spraying of Brassinosteroid @ 0.5 ppm (T2) gave highest No. of tillers/hill, Dry matter production, leaf area index, grain yield, straw yield, harvest index, post-harvest NPK uptake of finger millet. when comparedcontrol (Farmer practice). Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that PGR along with nutrients application increases the nutrient uptake and yield

Potential bioactive compound from marine actinomycetes against biofouling bacteria

578-582In the present study, 25 bacterial isolates were recovered from fouling samples collected from Parangipettai coastal area. Based on their adherence property, three isolates were characterized and identified as Bacillus sp. (BB11), Serratia sp. (BB13) and Alteromonas sp. (BB14). Six out of 20 actinomycete extracts showed inhibition of biofouling bacteria in disc diffusion method. Strain R1 extract showed maximum inhibition against all the biofouling bacteria tested. Culture filtrate and ethyl acetate extract from strain R1 showed 13-15 mm inhibition against biofouling bacteria. Reduction in biofilm formation was also observed in cover slip method. Active antifouling compound was purified using TLC and detected by bioautography. Based on chemical screening, the active compound was tentatively identified as sugar containing molecule. potential actinomycete strain R1 was characterized and identified as Streptomyces filamentosus (R1). Present study concluded that the marine actinomycete, Streptomyces filamentosus (R1) will be a potential source for the development of eco-friendly antifouling compounds. This will be a better alternative to the pollution causing synthetic antifoulants

A Robust Repetitive-Control Design for a Class of Uncertain Stochastic Dynamical Systems

In this brief, we study the problem of output tracking for continuous-time stochastic dynamical systems with parametric uncertainties and aperiodic disturbances by using a modified repetitive controller (MRC). More precisely, the MRC is obtained based on the equivalent input disturbance (EID) technique such that the closed-loop modified repetitive-control system is asymptotically stable in the presence of uncertainties and aperiodic disturbances. The main advantage of the proposed controller is that it can incorporate an EID estimator, which estimates and eliminates disturbances in the repetitive-control systems. Finally, simulation is conducted to reveal that the proposed controller can effectively reject the aperiodic disturbance, reduce the stochastic noise, and track the reference signal without steady-state error

Growth analysis and parametric budgeting of different exogenous phytohormones on direct sown finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) under irrigated conditions

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) is an important cereal crop known for its nutritional value and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. In recent years, there has been growing interest in exploring the potential of plant growth regulators (PGR) to enhance crop productivity and quality. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators on direct sown finger millet variety Co (Ra) 14 in 2022-23. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design consisting of ten treatments viz., T1 (100% RDF - Control), T2 (100% RDF + Foliar spraying of Brassinosteroid @ 0.5 ppm), T3 (100% RDF + Foliar spraying of Gibberellic acid @10 ppm), T4 (100% RDF + Foliar spraying of Salicylic acid @100 ppm), T5 (50% RDF + Foliar spraying of Brassinosteroid @ 0.5 ppm), T6 (50% RDF + Foliar spraying of Gibberellic acid @10 ppm), T7 (50% RDF + Foliar spraying of Salicylic acid @100 ppm), T8 (Foliar spraying of Brassinosteroid @ 0.5 ppm), T9 (Foliar spraying of Gibberellic acid @10 ppm), T10 (Foliar spraying of Salicylic acid @100 ppm). The experiment result showed that the application of 100% RDF + Foliar spraying of Brassinosteroid @ 0.5 ppm (T2) significantly enhanced growth and physiological parameters like plant height (134.1 cm), SPAD value (28.61), soluble protein (11.25%), relative water content (50.2%) and lower proline content (0.15 µ moles g-1). The same treatment combination recorded higher grain yield (4791 Kg ha-1), straw yield (5950 Kg ha-1), per day productivity (44.6 Kg ha-1) and partial productivity (82.9 Kg ha-1) and BEP (126.88%)of finger millet

Experimental and Theoretical approaches to enhance Anti tubercular Activity of Chalcones

Twenty three chalcones are synthesized and evaluated for antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv . Ortho chloro substitutions at A and B-ring favor activity. Compound 12 with chloro and hydroxyl substitution exhibits 98% reduction in relative light units at a concentration of 100µg/ml. Methylsulfonyl chalcones also exhibit very good activity. The requirements for the anti-infective activity are explored with 2D, 3D and group based QSAR studies. The 2D technique indicates the importance of volume, refractivity and molecular weight of the compounds on the activity. The 3DQSAR indicates less bulky (at R5) and more hydrophilic substituent groups (at R3) can improve the Antitubercular activity. The GQSAR technique indicates that hydrophilic groups in R3 or R5 positions can enhance activity. The oral bioavailability of all the molecules are between 30-70%.Compound 12 is mildly acidic, soluble in water,stable at pH<2 and does not violate the Lipinski’s rule of 5. Hence it appears to be a strong drug candidate