Infrared Lighting Does Not Suppress Catch of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Pheromone-Baited Monitoring Traps

Video cameras are increasingly being used to record insect behaviors in the field over prolonged intervals. A nagging question about crepuscular and nocturnal recordings is whether or not infrared light emitted by such cameras to illuminate the scene influences the behaviors of the subjects or study outcomes. Here we quantified catches of male codling moths, Cydia pomonella (L.), responding to sex pheromone-baited monitoring traps illuminated with infrared, red, white, or no light. No statistically significant differences were found between any of these treatments

Virtue: the missing piece in spiritual leadership

Fry’s (2003, 2008) models of spiritual leadership have successfully shown that spiritual leaders can create greater organisational commitment, productivity and improved employee well-being. In particular, they have proved beneficial to organisations such as the army and the police. This paper explains the origins of spiritual leadership and Fry’s model in particular and builds on this model using Aristotle’s theory of virtue. Fry’s model has been criticised for a number of reasons including instrumentalising spirituality and for not explaining how leaders and followers become spiritual. The main thrust of this paper is to modify Fry’s Spiritual Leadership model by replacing values with the Aristotelian notion of virtue. This revised framework offers an improved understanding of spiritual leadership and provides potential outcomes that are of significant benefit to law-enforcing entities

Spirituality and ethical behaviour in the workplace: wishful thinking or authentic reality

The link between religion and work is not new. For centuries, people have strived to interpret their work through religious lenses. Recently, however, a significant paradigm shift has occurred. The current view is that spirituality, as opposed to religion, is a better construct for understanding the relationship between the individual and modern pluralistic workplaces. This current perspective, sourced in various socio-cultural factors, views spirituality as positively influencing numerous organisational outcomes. Also implicit within this discourse is the notion that allowing and encouraging spirituality in the workplace leads to improved ethical behaviour at a personal level and an enhanced ethical climate/culture at an organisational level. What is unclear, however, is how an individual’s spirituality translates into ethical behaviour within an organisational context and the impact of this conversion. This paper develops a model explaining this process. A review of the relevant literature recognised several characteristics that permeate discussions on spirituality. This paper’s premise is that these characteristics inform an individual’s choice of values – they form a type of regulative ideal. The model developed explains the link between these values and virtue and therefore ethical behaviour in the workplace. The values frameworks developed recently in the spirituality literature specify those things a spiritual person perceives as worth having, getting or doing. This paper contends that these values, particular to spiritual persons, contribute to the flourishing of individuals and therefore lead to the acquisition of virtue. Spiritual persons are likely to be ethical persons. Such individuals are likely to be of significant benefit to their organisations

Electronic and Optical Properties of Hydrogen-Terminated Diamond Doped by Molybdenum Oxide: A Density Functional Theory Study

In this work we investigate the surface transfer doping process induced between a hydrogen-terminated (100) diamond and a metal oxide MoO 3 , using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. Using DFT, we have calculated the electronic and optical properties of the hydrogen-terminated diamond and established a link between the underlying electronic structure and the charge transfer between the oxide materials and the hydrogen-terminated diamond. Our results show that the metal oxide can be described as an electron acceptor and extracts the electrons from the diamond creating 2D hole gas in the diamond surface. Hence, this metal oxide acts as a p-type doping material for the diamond

Simulation study of surface transfer doping of hydrogenated diamond by MoO₃ and V₂O₅ metal oxides

In this work, we investigate the surface transfer doping process that is induced between hydrogen-terminated (100) diamond and the metal oxides, MoO₃ and V₂O₅, through simulation using a semi-empirical Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. DFT was used to calculate the band structure and charge transfer process between these oxide materials and hydrogen terminated diamond. Analysis of the band structures, density of states, Mulliken charges, adsorption energies and position of the Valence Band Minima (VBM) and Conduction Band Minima (CBM) energy levels shows that both oxides act as electron acceptors and inject holes into the diamond structure. Hence, those metal oxides can be described as p-type doping materials for the diamond. Additionally, our work suggests that by depositing appropriate metal oxides in an oxygen rich atmosphere or using metal oxides with high stochiometric ration between oxygen and metal atoms could lead to an increase of the charge transfer between the diamond and oxide, leading to enhanced surface transfer doping

First Principle Simulations of Electronic and Optical Properties of a Hydrogen Terminated Diamond Doped by a Molybdenum Oxide Molecule

In this work we investigate the surface transfer doping process induced between a hydrogen-terminated (100) diamond and a metal oxide MoO 3 , using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. DFT allows us to calculate the electronic and optical properties of the hydrogen-terminated diamond (H-diamond) and establish a link between the underlying electronic structure and the charge transfer between the oxide materials and the H-diamond. Our results show that the metal oxide molecule can be described as an electron acceptor and extracts the electrons from the diamond creating 2D hole gas in the diamond surface. Hence, this metal oxide molecule acts as a p-type doping material for the diamond

The virtuous entrepreneur: new ventures and human flourishing

Entrepreneurship research in recent years has expanded to include the ethical dimension of new venture creation and various normative frameworks have been applied to the entrepreneurship role. Despite this, entrepreneurship is still widely viewed as a business phenomenon which bases its claim to be a key contributor to social good on economic grounds only. In this paper, the social good against which entrepreneurship success is measured is defined in terms of a broader notion of human flourishing derived from virtue ethics theory. Virtue ethics as a moral theory emphasises positive traits of character shown by habitual action which fit those who have them to lead good lives in terms of a particular notion of professional excellence. In this paper, the writers argue, with reference to virtue ethics, that new measures of success are needed for entrepreneurship, which take into account the key professional concerns, beliefs and features of entrepreneurship. The roles and responsibilities of entrepreneurs enable them to contribute to society in ways that go beyond economic achievements, thus achieving the broad goal of entrepreneurship, human empowerment through opportune innovation, risk-taking and creativity. Having described these specific roles and responsibilities and how they inform the development of a regulative ideal which influences moral purpose and action, the paper goes on to explore the question: what traits of character constitute the entrepreneur who will be well equipped to achieve success as defined? A range of traits which might contribute to entrepreneurial success such as creativity, courage and toughness are suggested and described. The entrepreneur who has these attributes will be an excellent practitioner: one who embodies qualities of character which contribute to the achievement of the proper goals of entrepreneurship

A procedure to analyze nonlinear density waves in Saturn's rings using several occultation profiles

Cassini radio science experiments have provided multiple occultation optical depth profiles of Saturn's rings that can be used in combination to analyze density waves. This paper establishes an accurate procedure of inversion of the wave profiles to reconstruct the wave kinematic parameters as a function of semi-major axis, in the nonlinear regime. This procedure is achieved from simulated data in the presence of realistic noise perturbations, to control the reconstruction error. By way of illustration we have applied our procedure to the Mimas 5:3 density wave. We were able to recover precisely the kinematic parameters from the radio experiment occultation data in most of the propagation region; a preliminary analysis of the pressure-corrected dispersion allowed us to determine new but still uncertain values for the opacity ($K\simeq 0.02$ cm$^2$/g) and velocity dispersion of ($c_o\simeq 0.6$ cm/s) in the wave region. Our procedure constitutes the first step in our planned analysis of the density waves of Saturn's rings. It is very accurate and efficient in the far-wave region. However, improvements are required within the first wavelength. The ways in which this method can be used to establish diagnostics of ring physics are outlined.Comment: 50 pages,13 figures, 2 tables. Published in Icarus

Monitoring the dynamics of Src activity in response to anti-invasive dasatinib treatment at a subcellular level using dual intravital imaging

Optimising response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer remains an extensive field of research. Intravital imaging is an emerging tool, which can be used in drug discovery to facilitate and fine-tune maximum drug response in live tumors. A greater understanding of intratumoural delivery and pharmacodynamics of a drug can be obtained by imaging drug target-specific fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors in real time. Here, we outline our recent work using a Src-FRET biosensor as a readout of Src activity to gauge optimal tyrosine kinase inhibition in response to dasatinib treatment regimens in vivo. By simultaneously monitoring both the inhibition of Src using FRET imaging, and the modulation of the surrounding extracellular matrix using second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging, we were able to show enhanced drug penetrance and delivery to live pancreatic tumors. We discuss the implications of this dual intravital imaging approach in the context of altered tumor-stromal interactions, while summarising how this approach could be applied to assess other combination strategies or tyrosine kinase inhibitors in a preclinical setting

Nerve agents: A guide for emergency nurses. Part 1

Recent incidents in the UK and the alleged chemical attacks in Syria by the Bashar al-Assad regime have brought the subject of chemical weapons back into the public domain. To date these types of event have been relatively rare because terrorist plans to harm large numbers of people have mostly been thwarted. This is the first part of a two-part article on nerve agents. Part one gives an overview of these agents, their historical background and manufacture, and how the agents affect physiology. Part two, which will appear in the next issue, considers the pre-hospital response to the use of nerve agents, including effective triage and decontamination, and in-hospital treatment